Distribution of Drugs - Exam 3

Question 1

definition of distribution of drugs

Answer 1

transport of drugs from the plasma to the tissues (site of action, storage, metabolism, excretion)

Question 2

drug factors affecting drug distribution

Answer 2

plasma protein binding, affinity for certain tissues

Question 3

animal factors affecting drug distribution

Answer 3

plasma protein binding, tissue barriers

Question 4

acidic drugs bind mainly to

Answer 4

albumin

Question 5

basic drugs bind mainly to

Answer 5

acid alpha glycoproteins & lipoproteins

Question 6

plasma protein binding is generally reversible because

Answer 6

individual molecules of drug bind & unbind constantly, maintaining a stable ratio

Question 7

plasma protein binding ______ the 1/2 life of the drug

Answer 7

prolongs

Question 8

which form of a drug is inactive & why

Answer 8

bound form; because it can’t be distributed, metabolized, or excreted by glomerular filtration

Question 9

the rate of plasma protein binding depends mainly on

Answer 9

the amount of the drug

Question 10

drugs can compete for the same

Answer 10

binding site

Question 11

competition for same binding site can displace one of the drugs which will _______ the amount of free drug in circulation; which can cause

Answer 11

increase; potentiation

Question 12

highly perfused tissues

Answer 12

brain, liver, kidney, glands, heart

Question 13

moderately perfused tissues

Answer 13

muscle, skin

Question 14

poorly perfused tissues

Answer 14

bone, adipose tissue

Question 15

epinephrine causes vaso_____

Answer 15

vasoconstriction

Question 16

acepromazine causes vaso______

Answer 16

vasodilation

Question 17

3 diseases that can alter blood flow

Answer 17

cirrhosis of liver, ischemia, renal failure

Question 18

parts of the body with unique tissue barriers

Answer 18

brain (BBB), eye, testicles, placental, mammary gland, prostate, synovial joints

Question 19

properties of the BBB

Answer 19

tight capillary endothelial junctions, further sealed off by glial cells, active transport mechanisms, constant flow of CSF into venous drainage

Question 20

younger animals have _______ drug movement across the BBB than older animals due to incomplete BBB

Answer 20

greater

Question 21

5 physiological factors affecting BBB

Answer 21

inflammation, allergic reactions, severe hypotension/hypoxia, high doses of organic solvents, high doses of heavy metals

Question 22

certain drugs will have a strong affinity for specific tissues & will tend to

Answer 22

accumulate there preferentially

Question 23

example of preferential accumulation

Answer 23

iodine and thyroid gland

Question 24

example of undesirable accumulation

Answer 24

aminoglycosides and kidney tissue

tetracycline and calcium in skeletal tissues

Question 25

4 factors that effect distribution of drugs

Answer 25

[gradient], tissue barriers, blood flow, plasma protein binding