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SUM '20 - Health Assessment > Week 1 ENT 4 of 4 > Flashcards

Week 1 ENT 4 of 4 Flashcards

1
Q

B-hemolytic streptococcus, Aspergillus, Klebsiella, and Candida may be causative agents of what condition

A

epiglottitis

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2
Q

describe the 4 SUBJECTIVE findings of epiglottitis

A

Severe odynophagia, dysphagia
fever
shortness of breath

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3
Q

describe the OBJECTIVE findings of epiglottitis

A

Erythema

edematous epiglottis with narrow opening

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4
Q

what is the Health Promotion /disease prevention of epiglottitis

A

HIB immunizations may be preventive

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5
Q

in the most general terms what is epiglottitis

A

acute inflammation of the epiglottis and surrounding structures

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6
Q

name the three different general causes of epiglottitis

A

bacterial

viral

thermal injury

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7
Q

what is candidiasis caused by

A

candida albicans

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8
Q

What is the treatment of Candidiasis

A

nystatin oral suspension

SWISH AND SWALLOW

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9
Q

what is herpes labialis caused by

A

HSV -1
or
HSV -2

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10
Q

what is the treatment for herpes labialis (cold sores)

A

acyclovir
and
valacyclovir

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11
Q

aphthous stomatitis (canker sores) treatment

A

topical steroids such as kenalog
dexamethasone elixir
avoidance of spicy foods

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12
Q

what is parotitis

A

inflammatory process of the parotid gland

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13
Q

what can cause the inflammatory process of the parotid gland

A

bacteria
virus
fungal
mycobacterial

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14
Q

where does parotitis infection begin

A

begins with retrograde migration of oral cavity from ductal obstructive decreased stimulation of saliva from anorexia, decreased mastication, and poor oral hygiene.

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15
Q

parotitis subjective findings

A

Rapid onset of pain to the affected gland worse with mastication, fever, malaise, edema, headache

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16
Q

parotitis objective findings

A

In infectious cases, a suppurative discharge will be present from Stensen’s duct with palpation. Viral cases will exhibit a clear discharge with milking of Stensen’s duct.

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17
Q

parotitis Management:

A

Palpation of affected gland, Augmentin and cephalosporins for infectious cases. Proper hydration, sugar-free sour candies, heat to area may be helpful.

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18
Q

parotitis Health promotion/disease management

A

Good oral hygiene is needed for prevention.

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19
Q

how does peritonsillar abscess occur

A

when theres an accumulation of microorganisms located within the peritonsillar tissue

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20
Q

what pathogens can result from the ineffective treatment of pharyngitis

A

B-lactamase production by anerobes and some staphylococci strains

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21
Q

peritonsillar abscess subjective findings

A

High fever, fatigue, foul breath, severe odynophagia, pain to affected side

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22
Q

peritonsillar abscess objective findings

A

Unilateral, marked edema and erythema of the peritonsillar tissue, positive exudate to area, displaced uvula from tonsilar edema, drooling, anxiety, appearance of being acutely ill

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23
Q

peritonsillar abscess management

A

Needle aspiration, I & D to area, antibiotics, and pain control

24
Q

peritonsillar abscess health promotion/disease management

A

Smoking is a risk factor for peritonsillar abscess.

25
Q

is this when hammon said peritonsillar abscess can drool?

A

drooling

26
Q

Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: subjective findings

A

Non-infectious – sore, dry throat, rhinorrhea, watery eyes, postnasal drip. Infectious – fever, malaise, cough, headache, fatigue and malaise

27
Q

Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: objective findings

A

Non-infectious – mild erythema, little to no exudate, swollen, pale pharynx. Infectious – pharyngeal, tonsilar exudate, lymphadenopathy, petechnia of the soft/hard palate.

28
Q

Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis:

Management:

A

Non-infectious – rest, fluids, humidification, voice rest, warm saline rinses. Infectious – antibiotics of penicillin IM or po, Biaxin, Zithromax are all indicated.

29
Q

Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis:

Health Promotion:

A

Pharyngitis in an adult smoker that last greater than 2 weeks should be considered cancerous until proven otherwise.

30
Q

name the 3 viruses that can cause pharyngitis and tonsillitis

A

Epstein-barr
influenza
CMV

31
Q

name the bacteria causes of pharyngitis and tonsillitis

what bacteria is the MOST common

A

steptococcus pyogenes A, C, and G

B-hemolytic streptococcus

32
Q

ENT- what do we think about with small children and foreign bodies

A

the ENT is a great hiding place for lots of small things like beads seeds rocks

33
Q

clear, watery discharge from the nose, turbinates are red and swollen, discharge may become purulent, may become chronic- this is referred to as what

A

acute rhinitis

34
Q

facial pain usually over the orbits, maxillary or frontal sinus cavities, fever, red nasal mucosa and turbinates, headache- referred to as

A

sinusitis

35
Q

describe nasal polyps

A

small gray nodules seen among the turbinates, client may be able to feel these as he breaths, may occlude breathing

36
Q

cold sores on the lips, clear vesicles with an indurated erythematous base, painful

A

Herpes simplex- 1

37
Q

painful fissures at the corners of the mouth from excessive saliva, candidiasis

A

Cheilitis

38
Q

tell me…

between leukoplakia and candidiasis…which one will have white lesions that can be scrapped off

A

candidiasis

39
Q

if an infant has candidiasis will it eat?

A

no

40
Q

white lesions in the buccal areas, tongue, hard/soft palate that will scrape off, may be painful and cause the mouth to be sore.

A

candidiasis

41
Q

whitened hyperkeratotic plague on the tongue or in the buccal areas, may be cancerous, will not scrape off with tongue depressor

A

leukoplakia

42
Q

what is the clinical term for tongue tied

A

shortened frenulum

43
Q

a short frenulum will prevent the client from placing the tip of the tongue on the roof of the mouth - it can impair

A

articulation

44
Q

this is painless and occurs with antibiotic usage (tongue)

A

hairy tongue (furry tongue)

45
Q

hairy tongue

A

overgrowth of mycelial threads of candida albicans or aspergillus - looks like it is growing small dark hairs

46
Q

Edema of the uvula

A

hot gases through the mouth may cause a thermal burn to the uvula, swelling and difficulty swallowing may occur

47
Q

in class discussion- patient has soot around mouth what is our primary concern

A

Early airway intervention (tube them NOW, you may miss your opportunity once swelling occludes the airway)

48
Q

Torticollis (wryneck)

A

stiff neck caused from trauma to the neck

49
Q

Thyroiditis

A

thyroid is tender, enlarged, pain and fever may accompany

50
Q

Graves Disease

A

(thyroid bruit may be present) When the thyroid becomes hyperplasic, increased blood flow through the enlarged arteries may cause a bruit.

51
Q

Mononucleosis

A

acute infection of the lymphocytes with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), lymphadenopathy, acute pharyngitis, low grade temp, malaise, cough, headache,

52
Q

Acute laryngitis –

A

Most common cause of hoarseness, unproductive cough, dryness to throat

53
Q

Croup

A

acute obstruction of the upper airway, occurs with infection, allergy, foreign bodies. Harsh cough with dyspnea, can lead to stridor

54
Q

Thyroid nodule –

A

always carefully palate the thyroid for nodules, may be benign or malignant- esp in young adults

55
Q

in class discussion- patient has tonsillitis what do we need to be so careful about when we intubate them?

A

have FINESSE!

if you scratch those tonsils it can cause a host of other issues. DO NOT SCRATCH THE TONSILS!

SUM '20 - Health Assessment (17 decks)

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