EXAM 3 - Radiology Flashcards
radiation is known as a
carcinogen
radiation travels at the speed of
light
Annual Occupational Effective Dose for Whole Body exposure
50 mSV
What to Protect from radiation:
Eyes
Thyroid* (.5 mm PB eq)
Breast
Gonads
How to Protect from radiation:
Lead Apron
Minimum:
0.25 mm Pb eq
eye protection requirements
Eyes
0.35 mm PB eq
most radiation scatter comes from
the patient
most radiation scatter is
isotopically
the best shield from radiation is:
DISTANCE
evaluation criteria of PA CXR:
lots of things
- Entire lung fields must be included.
- No rotation.
- Sternal ends of clavicles – should be equidistant from spine.
- Trachea visible in midline.
- Scapula projected outside of lung field.
- 9-10 posterior ribs visible above diaphragm
- Heart shadow and diaphragm demonstrated without motion.
- T-spine & posterior ribs visible through the mediastinum.
- Lung markings visible.
- Correct radiographic marker out of anatomy of interest
- Legal ID present
- Evidence of radiation protection demonstrated
how many ribs should you be able to count on cxr?
9-10 above diaphragm
if you knock out tooth what do you have to do?
get CXR
-prove that the tooth is not in the trachea
most requested image is:
chest radiograph
when viewing x-ray images, how should the images be faced?
as if you are looking at the pt; face to face
rib count on Inspiration and poor inspiration:
do we know this? :D
i do feel like he’ll add this to test?
insert pneumo with atelectasis
- note shading
- entire lung is down
- how would you dx?
- – bilateral BS; high Peak pressures,
air on a CXR will look
dark in the space
a consolidation /fluid on a CXR will appear
bright
white
more consolidation w/no air (dark) space seen
“white out “ is indicative of
ARDS
if you suspect fluid in the lungs, what is the best radiographic angle/image we should get?
why?
LATERAL
- Approx. 200 ml of fluid are needed to detect an effusion in the PA image vs. approximately 75 ml for the lateral.
Lateral image can detect what vol of fluid?
75 ml
PA CXR can detect what level of fluid vol?
200ml
evaluations criteria for lateral chest x-ray
- Entire lung fields must be included.
- No rotation.
- Superimposition of ribs posterior to t-spine.
- Sternum demonstrated in lateral profile.
- Arms or soft-tissue not overlapping superior lungs.
- Long axis of lungs demonstrated in vertical position.
- Heart shadow & diaphragm demonstrated without motion.
- Hilum in center of radiograph.
- Lung markings visible.
- Legal ID present
- Correct radiographic marker out of anatomy of interest.
evaluations criteria for lateral chest x-ray
- Entire lung fields must be included.
- No rotation.
- Superimposition of ribs posterior to t-spine.
- Sternum demonstrated in lateral profile.
- Arms or soft-tissue not overlapping superior lungs.
- Long axis of lungs demonstrated in vertical position.
- Heart shadow & diaphragm demonstrated without motion.
- Hilum in center of radiograph.
- Lung markings visible.
- Legal ID present
- Correct radiographic marker out of anatomy of interest.
what does kyphosis do to the lungs?
- push the lungs posteriorly
- can’t expand their lungs well
- prone to PNA, atelectasis, infections
A sharp CP angle indicates
good lung
- no effusion
- no infiltrate
**dull angle indicates fluid
perfect position for central line placement:
is at the junction of the SVC and RA
- “Lateral to thoracis spine, inferior to medial end of right clavicle”
perfect position for ETT placement
is just superior to the carina
what kind of anesthesia do we do for a CV pacemaker?
conscious sedation / MAC
