PVD highlights LF

Question 1

explain functional PVD

Answer 1

it is not from physical problems. short term spasms that occur erratically.

Question 2

what are the 4 most common causes of functional PVD

Answer 2

emotional stress
smoking
cold temperatures
operating vibrating machinery or tools

Question 3

explain Organic PVD

Answer 3

physical changes that can affect the structure of blood vessels.

ie: atherosclerosis can cause plaque build up

Question 4

Organic PVD causes what three things

Answer 4

inflammation, tissue damage, and blockage.

Question 5

name 4 primary causes of Organic PVD

Answer 5

smoking
high BP
diabetes
high cholesterol

Question 6

name 4 additional causes of organic PVD

Answer 6

injury to extremities
muscles or ligaments with abnormal structures
infection
coronary artery disease

Question 7

arterial insufficiency
pulse
edema?
pain?
temp?
color
skin condition

Answer 7

decreased pulse 
no edema
severe pain (ischemia or anginal pain)
temp cool
color pale-elevated
dusky red -dependent
skin atrophic - slow wound healing

Question 8

a diabetic patient may be difficult to determine PAD due to what condition

Answer 8

neuropathy. but always consider PAD in the diabetic patient

Question 9

venous insufficiency
pulses
color
temperature
skin-
pain

Answer 9

pooling of blood distal area
normal pulses
color is cyanotic on dependence
temperature is normal or warm
skin is thickened, hyperpigmented
pain is minimal
swelling is increased in the evening
elevation is mechanical and helps pooling

Question 10

the two most often presenting chief complaints for PV disease are

Answer 10

Leg pain

Swelling

Question 11

what is the most important modifiable risk for PVD

Answer 11

smoking. as it creates inflammation and oxygen stress. smoking is responsible for 11 % of cardiovascular deaths

Question 12

what is the main cause of PVD

Answer 12

atherosclerosis is the main cause of PVD

Question 13

risk for peripheral arterial disease

Answer 13

smoker
over 50
obese BMI and distribution
HLD
diabetes (duration and intensity)
race (AA, american indians, mexican americans)
decrease in asians

Question 14

women post menopause have and increased risk of

Answer 14

increase risk of PAD

Question 15

how many PVD patients are without symptoms

Answer 15

half

Question 16

lower extremity PAD is indicative of what

Answer 16

widespread PAD

Question 17

which type of obesity shape has increased pressure on the cardiovascular system

Answer 17

apple

Question 18

raynauds is associated with

Answer 18

smoking, women, exposure to cold, emotional upset

Question 19

what type of disorder is raynauds

Answer 19

constrictive

Question 20

if patient is lying down and has leg pain at rest what will relieve it

Answer 20

dangling legs over the side of ht bed- arterial insufficiency

Question 21

can pregnancies increase risk for PVD

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

grading pulses
0
1
2
3

Answer 22

0 = absent or not able to palpate
+1 diminished or weaker than expected
+2 brisk, expected or normal (try not to use normal in any description)
+3 bounding

Question 23

from aorta to ankle- what sides of the body can PVD be found?

Answer 23

it can be found asymmetrically or symmetrically

Question 24

it is said that the size of the LDL particles make a different to the disease process- which size is more problematic

Answer 24

small LDL particles

Question 25

what is the main concern if a patient has a dvt

Answer 25

LIFE threatening pulmonary embolism

Question 26

what type of patients do we more often see a DVT in

Answer 26

prolonged inactivity (traveling)
prolonged bedrest after surgery

Question 27

what symptoms would be associated with a dvt

Answer 27

symptoms may be absent

swelling, tenderness, pain at rest and with compression, and raised vein pattern

Question 28

varicose veins are the result of what type of vascular

Answer 28

incompetent valves that allow for blood to pool.

Question 29

what are associated symptoms with varicose veins

Answer 29

bruising and sensations of burning or aching.

Question 30

what three situations can intensify varicose veins

Answer 30

pregnancy, obesity, and extended periods of standing

Question 31

thrombophlebitis- what is it and where does it most commonly occur

Answer 31

blood clot in an inflamed vein and occurs in the legs.

Question 32

is thrombophlebitis the result of a deep blood clot or a superficial blood clot

Answer 32

both!

Question 33

what are the symptoms of thrombophlebitis

Answer 33

swelling, pain, tenderness, redness, and warmth

Question 34

what ages do raynauds most commonly occur in?

Answer 34

women between ages 18-30

Question 35

what are the symptoms of raynauds

Answer 35

coldness, pain, and pallor of the finger tips and toes

Question 36

what type of disorder is raynauds considered and what is it most commonly associated with

Answer 36

constrictive disorder associated with smoking

Question 37

not all leg pain is PVD- name some other conditions that would exhibit leg pain

Answer 37

spine disease
nerve damage
osteoporosis
muscle spasm or cramps
RLS
multiple causes and implications