PVD highlights LF Flashcards
explain functional PVD
it is not from physical problems. short term spasms that occur erratically.
what are the 4 most common causes of functional PVD
emotional stress
smoking
cold temperatures
operating vibrating machinery or tools
explain Organic PVD
physical changes that can affect the structure of blood vessels.
ie: atherosclerosis can cause plaque build up
Organic PVD causes what three things
inflammation, tissue damage, and blockage.
name 4 primary causes of Organic PVD
smoking
high BP
diabetes
high cholesterol
name 4 additional causes of organic PVD
injury to extremities
muscles or ligaments with abnormal structures
infection
coronary artery disease
arterial insufficiency pulse edema? pain? temp? color skin condition
decreased pulse no edema severe pain (ischemia or anginal pain) temp cool color pale-elevated dusky red -dependent skin atrophic - slow wound healing
a diabetic patient may be difficult to determine PAD due to what condition
neuropathy. but always consider PAD in the diabetic patient
venous insufficiency pulses color temperature skin- pain
pooling of blood distal area normal pulses color is cyanotic on dependence temperature is normal or warm skin is thickened, hyperpigmented pain is minimal swelling is increased in the evening elevation is mechanical and helps pooling
the two most often presenting chief complaints for PV disease are
Leg pain
Swelling
what is the most important modifiable risk for PVD
smoking. as it creates inflammation and oxygen stress. smoking is responsible for 11 % of cardiovascular deaths
what is the main cause of PVD
atherosclerosis is the main cause of PVD
risk for peripheral arterial disease
smoker over 50 obese BMI and distribution HLD diabetes (duration and intensity) race (AA, american indians, mexican americans) decrease in asians
women post menopause have and increased risk of
increase risk of PAD
how many PVD patients are without symptoms
half
lower extremity PAD is indicative of what
widespread PAD
which type of obesity shape has increased pressure on the cardiovascular system
apple
raynauds is associated with
smoking, women, exposure to cold, emotional upset
what type of disorder is raynauds
constrictive
if patient is lying down and has leg pain at rest what will relieve it
dangling legs over the side of ht bed- arterial insufficiency
can pregnancies increase risk for PVD
yes
grading pulses 0 1 2 3
0 = absent or not able to palpate
+1 diminished or weaker than expected
+2 brisk, expected or normal (try not to use normal in any description)
+3 bounding
from aorta to ankle- what sides of the body can PVD be found?
it can be found asymmetrically or symmetrically
it is said that the size of the LDL particles make a different to the disease process- which size is more problematic
small LDL particles
what is the main concern if a patient has a dvt
LIFE threatening pulmonary embolism
what type of patients do we more often see a DVT in
prolonged inactivity (traveling) prolonged bedrest after surgery
what symptoms would be associated with a dvt
symptoms may be absent
swelling, tenderness, pain at rest and with compression, and raised vein pattern
varicose veins are the result of what type of vascular
incompetent valves that allow for blood to pool.
what are associated symptoms with varicose veins
bruising and sensations of burning or aching.
what three situations can intensify varicose veins
pregnancy, obesity, and extended periods of standing
thrombophlebitis- what is it and where does it most commonly occur
blood clot in an inflamed vein and occurs in the legs.
is thrombophlebitis the result of a deep blood clot or a superficial blood clot
both!
what are the symptoms of thrombophlebitis
swelling, pain, tenderness, redness, and warmth
what ages do raynauds most commonly occur in?
women between ages 18-30
what are the symptoms of raynauds
coldness, pain, and pallor of the finger tips and toes
what type of disorder is raynauds considered and what is it most commonly associated with
constrictive disorder associated with smoking
not all leg pain is PVD- name some other conditions that would exhibit leg pain
spine disease nerve damage osteoporosis muscle spasm or cramps RLS multiple causes and implications
