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SUM '20 - Health Assessment > PUL- highlights- LF > Flashcards

PUL- highlights- LF Flashcards

1
Q

angle of louis

A

manubriosternal angel

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2
Q

mediastinum contains

A

esophagus, trachea, heart and great vessels. space between the lungs

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3
Q

apex of the lungs=

A

highest point of the lungs

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4
Q

how far do the lungs go above the clavicle

A

2-4cm above the inner third of the clavical

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5
Q

how high posteriorly do the lungs go.

A

posteriorly at around C7

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6
Q

what do we call the lower borders of the lungs

A

bases

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7
Q

anteriorly where do the lungs end

A

6th rib mid clavicular line

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8
Q

posteriorly where do the lungs end

A

T10

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9
Q

vertical axis

A

such as 2nd intercostal space

so this is the top to bottom axis

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10
Q

circumference of the chest

A

such as midclavicular midaxillary

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11
Q

pleural cavity

A

slight potential space filled with surfactant

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12
Q

pleural fluid

A

lubricates the pleural surfaces and allows for lung expansion

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13
Q

what is pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura- related to infectious process

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14
Q

what can pleurisy develop into

A

pleural effusion may develop- percussive dullness, decreased fremits, ego phony, and decreased breath sounds.

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15
Q

what will a chest X-ray show for pleuristy

A

WNL- infiltrate or pleural effusion.

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16
Q

acinus

A

bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs and alveoli responsble for respirations

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17
Q

Costodiaphragmatic recess

A

potential space in the pleural cavity below the level of the lungs- when filled can compromise lung expansion

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18
Q

postnatal exposure to tobacco increases their rate of

A

om, URI, asthma in children

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19
Q

after age 50 what happens to the lungs

A

respiratory muscle strength decline.
elastic properties within lungs become more rigid.

increased risk of postoperative atelectasis.

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20
Q

there are two membranes around the lungs=

A

visceral pleura

parietal pleura

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21
Q

this membrane covers the outer surface of each lung

A

visceral pleura

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22
Q

this membrane also covers the inner rib cage and upper surface of the diaphragm

A

parietal pleura

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23
Q

if it takes a lot of pressure to bag your patient- so it is difficult to open up their airways - what damage could you cause and how do you prevent it

A

you can cause a pneumo- slowly work at opening your patient up.

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24
Q

ask the patient about their cough- what type of questions

A

ask whether the cough is dry or produces sputum or phlegm - what color is it?

does it wake them up in the night.

do they take ace inhibitors

have you been diagnosed with GERD

25
Q

dyspnea- an uncomfortable awareness of breathing - what do you need to do

A

ask if they have trouble breathing.

determine the severity of the dyspnea

26
Q

do you feel pain from the lung tissue?

A

no it has no pain fibers

27
Q

so when people complain of chest pain (from lungs) what is actually causing their pain

A

inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura

other surrounding structures may also irritate the parietal pleura-causing pain

28
Q

mallory weiss tear

A

hard to find unless they are actually bleeding- but causes hemotypsis

29
Q

if the patient is obese- how do we know what is normal or not

A

look for symmetry

if they are asymmetric- something is wrong

30
Q

normal AP:1=

A

should be 2:1

31
Q

when is the AP:1 not normal

A

barrel chested

COPD

32
Q

pectus carinatum=

A

pigeon chest- chest protrudes

33
Q

precuts excavatum

A

funnel chest- independent above the xiphoid process.

34
Q

egophony=

A

ee sounds like aa

35
Q

bronchophony=

A

increased lung density- clear 99

36
Q

wheezing=

A

narrowing, asthma, cold, bronchitis

37
Q

when listening to breath sounds and you hear adventitious breath sounds. what should you ask your patient todo?

A

cough - did they clear

38
Q

if you patient has acute bronchitis what is a cardinal sign

A

persistent cough!

usually viral

39
Q

acute bronchitis xray

A

normal chest xray

40
Q

chronic bronchitis is from

A

long term exposure to tobacco smoke

41
Q

breath sounds for chronic bronchitis

A

wheezing and inspiratory crackles

42
Q

breath sounds for acute bronchitis

A

rhonchi

43
Q

do patients with COPD have have loss or gain of elastic recoil

A

loss of elastic recoil

44
Q

in additional to barrel chest for COPD- what other finding is associated with COPD

A

cor pulmonale- Right heart failure

45
Q

what is PNA

A

inflammation and consolidation of the lung

46
Q

what lobes does PNA commonly affect

A

right middle/lower lobes

47
Q

the consolidation of PNA produces what percussive sound

A

dullness

48
Q

PNA can come from two places

A

HAI

CAP

49
Q

what is a bleb

A

a blister

50
Q

how does a pneumothorax occur

A

rupture of a sub pleural bleb or penetrating chest trauma allowing air to enter the pleural space

51
Q

symptoms of a pneumothorax

A

unilateral pain
dyspnea
cyanosis
deviated trachea away from the affected side
remits and voice sounds are reduced/absent

52
Q

pulmonary HTN is present with pulmonary embolism- what other clue will help you determine the right side of the heart is in trouble

A

palpable precordial thrust of the right ventricle

53
Q

CURB-65

A 
confusion
urinary (BUN >19)
R- respiratory rate>=30
BP sys<90 dia<60
65>= to 65
54
Q

metabolic syndrom

syndrom X

A

Metabolic syndrome includes high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels

The syndrome increases a person’s risk for heart attack and stroke.

55
Q

Amphoric breath sounds (BOOK)

A

breath sounds are abnormal sounds heard with consolidation or a tension pneumo- thorax; they are hollow, low-pitched sounds

56
Q

Cavernous breath sounds (BOOK)

A

Cavernous breath sounds are an empty tympanic sound heard over a fibrotic lesion/cavity.

57
Q

Bronchial lung sounds

A

Heard over the trachea; abnormal if heard over the peripheral lung base.

High in pitch and intensity

58
Q

Bronchovesicular

A

Heard over the major bronchi; abnormal if heard over the peripheral lung base.

Moderate in pitch and intensity

59
Q

Vesicular

A

Vesicular
Heard over healthy lung tissue.

Low in pitch and intensity

SUM '20 - Health Assessment (17 decks)

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