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SUM '20 - Health Assessment > EXAM 2 - skin, MS > Flashcards

EXAM 2 - skin, MS Flashcards

1
Q

Macule

A 
< 1 cm 
flat
non-palpable
cirucumscribed
discolored
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2
Q

Patch

A 
>1 cm diameter
flat 
non-palpable
irregular shape
discolored
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3
Q

Lichenification

A

thickened epidermis with accentuated skin lines cause by rubbing

ex: Lichen simplex chronicus

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4
Q

Scar

A

thin or thick fibrous tissue, following dermal injury

ex: burns, acne, keloid, herpes zoster, hidradenitis

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5
Q

Fissure

A

linear break in skin through epidermis and dermis

ex: hand dermatitis, intertrigo

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6
Q

ulcer

A

loss of epidermis and dermis, size varies

ex: decubitus or stasis ulcer, factitial ulcer, pyoderma gangrenosum

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7
Q

Petechia

A

< 1 cm circumscribed deposit of blood

ex: meningococcemia, Gonococcemia

From: strangulation; bleeding, liver disease

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8
Q

Annular

A

circular or ring shape

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9
Q

linear

A

line formation

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10
Q

arciform

A

arch-sharped

–drug reaction

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11
Q

Grouped

A

occurring closely together

*Herpes zoster

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12
Q

Gyrate

A

convoluted, serpiginous shape

*creeping eruption

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13
Q

Gentamyocin reaction; what is typically done to tx?

A

25mg iv benadryl

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14
Q

Seborrhea

A

Erythematous plaques with dry or oily scales

Location: head and trunk at sites of sebaceous gland, rich skin

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15
Q

Psoriasis

A

chronic, WELL DEMARCATED erythematous plaques w/silleve scale

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16
Q

Rosacea

A

papules; pustules; no comedones

Face

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17
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis

A

greasy adherent scale on coalescing macules, papules, and patches

scalp brow paranasal, postauricular, and flexural areas

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18
Q

Pityriasis rosacea

A

single 3-4cm oval plaque at onset that is followed by numerous smaller (<1cm) plaques w/collarette scale

-following natural skin lines of trunk

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19
Q

Lichen planus

A

Pruritic, polyangular, planar, purple papules; lacy surface

*Face

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20
Q

Impetigo

A

Thin, erythematous bullous vesicles or pustules that heal with HONEY-colored crust

*face, neck, extremities

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21
Q

herpes simplex

A

Expanding erosions with pain; an active vesicular border and scalloped periphery

**orolabial, genital

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22
Q

herpes zoster

A

sequential pain; crops of erythematoous papules and plaques followed by erosive blisters

*dermatomal distribution of thoracic, cranial, trigeminal, lumbar and sacral nerves

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23
Q

allergic contact dermatitis

A

vesicles, edema, redness and extreme pruritus

*exposure site; often hands, forearms, face and tops of feet

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24
Q

corn

A

occurring over a bony prominence

-feet

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25
Q

basal cell carinoma

A

pearly white, dome shaped papule with ulcerative CRUSTED, BLEEDing center

*face, scalp, ears, neck, sun exposed areas of trunk, extremities

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26
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

red, poorly defined base with RAISED, NECROTIC, crusted center

*head, neck, hands, sun exposed areas of skin

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27
Q

Melanoma

A

color and appearance vary considerably; pigmented and nonpigmented lesions

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28
Q

Paget’s disease

A

red, sharply demarcaated, irregularly outlined plaque and papule

breast, extramamary

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29
Q

Kaposi’s Scarcom

A

raised, oval, poorly demarcated, RUST or purplered patch, plaque or nodule

feet and lower legs

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30
Q

atopic dermatitis

A

Pruritic rash; erythematous, confluent papules and plaques affecting extensor areas; scarring

*hx of childhood eczema, allergic rhinitis, family hx of allergic rhinitis and eczema

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31
Q

seborrheic keratosis

A

variable color
waxy surface
stuck on appearance

*can occur anywhere

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32
Q

mole

A

clusters of nevus cells arranged at various levels in the skin

*anywhere; sun-exposed areas

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33
Q

keloid

A

large, raised scar that extends into adjacent normal skin

*anterior chest, shoulders, neck

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34
Q

Dysplastic nevus

A

multiple, atypical nevi with increased incidence of melanoma

*anywhere, trunk and UE’s

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35
Q

scabies

A

severe nighttime pruritus

*highly communicable. cross antigenicity with house dust mites

36
Q

Cherry angioma (senile angioma)

A

smooth, firm, deep red, few or hundreds, increasing with age

-located on trunk

37
Q

venous lake

A

compression collapses lesion

  • located on vermillion border of lip, ear
38
Q

General

Fever, malaise

possible associated dx/do:

A

herpes zoster, varicella, erythema nodosum, roseola, rubeola

39
Q

HEENT

s/s: red eyes, conjunctivitis, URI

possible associated dx/do:

A

rosacea
rubeola
erythema

40
Q

Respiratory

s/s: Ashtma, allergies, cough

possible associated dx/do:

A

atopic dermatitis

rubeola

41
Q

CV

S/s: varicosities, pedal edema

possible associated dx/do:

A

stasis dermatitis

42
Q

GI

s/s: anorexia, abd pain

possible associated dx/do:

A

Roseola

43
Q

cutaneous candidiasis

A

Caused by: candida albicans

hallmark: bright erythema with satellite papules
loc: Diapered region

44
Q

tinea pedis

A

Hallmark: scale, inflammation, maceration

loc: soles, toe webs
organism: Trichophyton rubrum or T. mentagrophytes

45
Q

tinea capitis

A

Hallmark: fine scale, kerion

loc: hair shaft
organism: Trichophyton tonsurans, T. schoenleinii

46
Q

tinea corporis

A

Hallmark: arciform with advancing border

loc: non-hairy extremities, trunk
org: Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis

47
Q

tinea versicolor (pityriassis versicolor)

A

Hallmark: finely scaling, hypopigmented and hyperpigmented flat plaques

loc: trunk, neck, arms, shoulders
org: pityrosporum orbiculare

48
Q

muscular injury is a common problem and significant source of workers compensation claims.

% of children and adults?

A

in 10% children

25% adults

49
Q

tendons connect

A

muscle to bon

50
Q

ligaments connect

A

bone to bone

51
Q

synovial fluid is

A

thin lubricating fluid

52
Q

bursa are

A

small pockets of synovial fluid

53
Q

most common bone injury

A

fractures

54
Q

strain

A

involves tendon and muscles

55
Q

sprain

A

ligaments or capsule

56
Q

use of these substances slow healing and increase risk of falls and trauma:

A

tobacco
alcohol
recreational drugs

*vascular injury, AMS, trip and falls

57
Q

Red flags in MS assessment

A 
hx of major trauma
hot/swollen joints
systemic/constituional symptoms
focal or diffuse weakness
neurogenic pain
claudication (lack of BF or O2 to muscle)
poorly localized pain/ recent surgery
unrelenting nighttime pain
58
Q

5 P’s of MS hx:

A 
Pain
paralysis
paresthesia
pallor
pulses
59
Q

in assessment steps; what do you add?

A
  • ROM
  • muscle strength & tone
  • Ligamentous test
  • MO injury - proximal and distal to pain
  • DTR (1 absent - 5 hyperactive)
  • side good/bad comparison
60
Q

Medications with MS effects

A

-diuretics - (K/ Na wasting)
-statins
-erythromcins
-

61
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis:

A
  • autoimmune
  • symmetrical
  • swelling of joints
  • dx with > 3 joints and mostly PIP over 6 weeks
62
Q

Osteoarthritis :

A
  • degeneration of cartilage
  • increased pain w/activity
  • crepitus
  • stiffness in AM resolves in about 1 hr.
  • narrowing of joint spaces
63
Q

Fibromyalgia effects

A

2% of population

64
Q

Fibromyalgia general points

A

pain associated for over 3 mos

  • bilater and above /below the waist
  • pain on palpation on 11/18 points
65
Q

Differentials for Fibromyalgia

A

RA
OA
Lupus
crhonic fatigue

66
Q

insert Image of Lymes

Lymes disease

A

bacterium borrelia; burgdorfer (bite from deer tick)

can be asymptomatic, early findings solitary target lesion, followed by multiple lesions

  • ELISA, IGG initial test positive
  • Western Blot
67
Q

Red Flags for Neck Pain:

A
  • Hx of Trauma/Neck Strain
  • Neck Stiffness (nuchal rigidity) with fever
  • Unrelenting pain
  • Radicular symptoms
  • Chronic neck pain with weakness of upper or lower ext.
  • Pain with history of malignancies

-Test: CT, MRI, EMG

68
Q

Red Flags for Neck Pain:

A
  • Hx of Trauma/Neck Strain
  • Neck Stiffness (nuchal rigidity) with fever
  • Unrelenting pain
  • Radicular symptoms
  • Chronic neck pain with weakness of upper or lower ext.
  • Pain with history of malignancies

-Test: CT, MRI, EMG

69
Q

Radicular pain/symptoms

A

affecting or relating to the root of a spinal nerve.

70
Q

2nd m/c cause of PC office visits in the us are due to

A

low back pain

71
Q

most low back pain is what kind of back pain?

A

lumbar — 70%

72
Q

compression fractures associated with

A

OA

73
Q

** rotator cuff tear symptoms:

A
  • pain with weakness
  • Loss of strength
  • unable to ABDUCT
74
Q

**muscles involved in rotator cuff syndrome

A

Supraspinatus,
infraspinatus,
subscapularis,
teres minor

75
Q

** Rotator cuff syndrome

S/S: A/L shoulder pain ^ with

A

arm elevation and reaching OVERHEAD

76
Q

Scoliosis is:

-s/s and development

A

lateral curvature of the spine

  • 10 yrs of age
  • greater than 10 degrees
  • non painful
  • gradual onset
  • check shoulder and hip heights for wrinkles
77
Q

Carpal Tunnel syndrome:

Nerve
symptoms

A

Median Nerve

  • overuse, repetitive use (causes loss of space and impingement on the median nerve
  • Nighttime pain severe
  • Pain/paresthesia
78
Q

Carpal Tunnel syndrome:

Nerve
symptoms

A

Median Nerve

  • overuse, repetitive use (causes loss of space and impingement on the median nerve
  • Nighttime pain severe
  • Pain/paresthesia
79
Q

A Fluid filled cyst develops adjacent to a tendon sheath is?

A

Ganglion cyst

-ganglia are believed to be associated

80
Q

Osgood Schlatter:

A

Inflammation of the site where patellar tendon inserts on the tibia

from: Repetitive jumping
Increased stress in the tendons

Increased pain with activity and relieved with rest

Unilateral or bilateral

81
Q

Curvature of the spine The thoracic (rib cage) portion of the spine has a normal forward curvature, called “kyphosis,” which has a normal range (20 to 50 degrees

A

Lordosis

This forward curvature is matched by reverse curvatures (called “lordosis” or “sway”) in the cervical spine (the neck) and the lumbar spine (the low back)

82
Q

Dorsiflexion of the foot increases pain associated with

A

plantar fascitis

83
Q 
Plantar Fascitis:
associated with - 
cause
worst when 
tx
A
  • Unilateral/bilateral, middle age
  • Overuse, flat feet, high arches, obesity, improper shoes

-Collagen degeneration r/t micro trauma

  • Worst in the AM, decreases with activity
  • Dorsiflexion of the foot increases pain

-Self limiting usually in 12-18 months with rest and NSAIDS

84
Q

Not actually neuroma rather fibrous tissue thickening along digital nerves, typically between the 3rd/4th intermetatarsals - this is a?

A

Mortons Neuroma

85
Q

Achilles tendonitis

A

Chronic overuse- extreme stress on Achilles Tendon

Passive stretching of the tendon by dorsiflexion

Pt cant stand on ball of foot and has tenderness/ hemorrhage at rupture site

86
Q

position for achilles tendon repair in or

A

prone

lateral

87
Q

Freckles, Mongolian Spot, Vitiligo , Drug eruption, secondary syphilis, hypo Melanosis

A

Macule

SUM '20 - Health Assessment (17 decks)

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