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Abnormal > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What are the disadvantages of classification?

A

Loss of individual info
Stigma
Stereotypes
Self-concept impact

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1
Q

Why do we need to classify mental disorders?

A

Provide nomenclature for info structuring

Implications social & political

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2
Q

How does culture affect what is considered abnormal?

A

Some forms specific to a culture

Culture affects the presentation of disorder

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3
Q

Why is it important to see how common a disorder is?

A

Population factors may play a causal role

Planning, establishing and funding

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4
Q

Epidemiology is?

A

Study of distribution to diseases or behavior in a given population

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5
Q

What are the different types of prevalence?

A

Point- active cases in a point of time
One year- disorder over 1 year
Lifetime- prevalence at any time

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6
Q

Incidence means?

A

New cases

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7
Q 
What are the estimates for prevalence for mental disorders?
Lifetime
Most prevalent category 
Most common 
Co morbidity
A

Lifetime of having DSM disorder is 46%
Most prevalent category is anxiety then mood disorder
Common individual disorder is major depression, alcohol abuse, phobias, conduct disorder
Co morbidity is high especially if there is a serious disorder

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8
Q

How much % of the population has a long term disease?

A

11%

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9
Q

What’s the highest prevalence of disorder age range

A

18-24

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10
Q

What’s the ratio of psychological illness in the past year?

A

1:5

50% mood 46% anxiety

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11
Q

What are the viewpoints for understanding abnormal causes?

A

Theoretical constructions
Pushing for an integrative bio psychological viewpoint
Help provide systems, focus and organize

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12
Q

What is the biological viewpoint?

A

Mental disorder is diseases

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13
Q

What are the categories of biological viewpoints?

A

Neurotransmitters
Genetic
Temperament
Brain dysfunction/ brain plasticity

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14
Q

The impact of the biological viewpoint includes?

A

Drugs can alter the severity and course

Disorders classification rests on subjective opinion

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15
Q

Can psychological causes distinguish from biological?

A

Only prior to nervous system reaction

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16
Q

List the psychosocial viewpoints?

A 
Psychodynamic 
Behavioral 
Cognitive-behavioral 
Humanistic
Existential
17
Q

The psychodynamic perspectives are?

A

Id- instinct
Ego-mediator
Superego- internalizing taboos of society

18
Q

Psychodynamic perspective include protective measures named ego-defense. These are?

A

Repression -thoughts not entering conscienceless
Displacement- pent up feelings on an object less threatening
Projections- attributing ones unacceptable motives or characteristics to others
Newer perspectives are object relations theory, attachment theory and interpersonal perspective

19
Q

Learning perspectives include

A

Classic conditioning- specific stimulus and specific response
Instrumental- learns how to achieve a specific goal
Observational - learning from observation alone

20
Q

Cognitive-behavioral clinicians attempt to?

A

Alter patients maladaptive cognitions through
Attributions- assigning causes to things
Attributional style- assign causes to bad or good events
Schematic- representation of knowledge that guides current processing

21
Q

What are some of the psychosocial factors that have been explored?

A

Early deprivation
Inadequate parenting styles
Marital discord
Maladaptive peer relationships

22
Q

Sociocultural viewpoint concerns

A

Social environment as a source of vulnerability and resistance

23
Q

What are sociocultural causal factors?

A

Low SES
Unemployment
Prejudice and discrimination
Social change and uncertainty

24
Q

What are the basic elements in assessment?

A

Identify
Predict
Establish baselines for function so treatment can be measured

25
Q

What are some of the ethical issues of integration assessment data?

A 
Cultural bias
Theoretical orientation of the clinician
Under emphasis external situation 
Insufficient validation 
Inaccurate data or premature evaluation
26
Q

What are the benefits of classification?

A

Order
Enabling communication
Statistical research
Insurance issues

27
Q

Classification is only useful when

A

Its reliability and validity

28
Q

What are the 3 basic approaches in classification?

A 
Categorical approach (no overlap)
Dimensional approach (range of superior to then impaired)
Prototypical ( characteristics)
29
Q

The DSM-5 is considered as not being?

A

Fixed

30
Q

Most tests have defining features such as?

A 
Standardized procedures 
Behavior sample
Scores or categories 
Norms or standards
Predictions of no test behavior
31
Q

What does standardized mean?

A

The same from one examiner to another

32
Q

Disorders contain necessary, sufficient & contributory cause? Explain

A

Necessary- disorder Y occurs Cause x must precede it
Sufficient- cause X occurs then Disorder Y will also occur
Contributory- if X occurs then the probability of Disorder Y increases

33
Q

Explain how predisposition of developing a disorder ( distress) works

A

One or more distal that contribute to cause as well as a proximal ( stressor). Both are not in itself sufficient to cause disorder but together creates a diathesis

34
Q

Protective factors can include

A

High self-esteem
School achievement
High intelligence
Easy going temperament

35
Q

Resilience is

A

The ability to adapt

36
Q

What are the 3 dominant forces in psychology

A

Biological view- psychiatry, clinical science
Behavioral & cognitive- clinical , psychiatry
Socio-cultural- integrative approach

37
Q

Biological focuses on 4 categories, these are ?

A
  1. Neurotransmitters and hormones
  2. Genetic vulnerabilities
  3. Temperament
  4. Brain dysfunction & neural plasticity
38
Q

Genotype means? How does this shape a persons environment?

A

Genotype is the genetic endowment someone has ( the hand someone is dealt)
This shapes the environment -
1. passive affect is environment interaction ( enriched, risky)
2. Evocative effect is the reaction from social & physical environment
3. Active effect is the seeking out of an environment

39
Q

Genotype-environment interaction means ?

A

Sensitive or susceptible

Abnormal (12 decks)

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