Substance Flashcards
Substance dependence includes?
When there is a need for increasing amounts of the substance to achieve desired effects
Substance dependence and tolerance, what is the difference?
Biochemical changes the metabolism and elimination of substance
Withdrawal is?
The physical symptoms such a sweating tremors intention that accompanied by abstinence from a drug
Name some potentially detrimental effects from excessive alcohol?
Vulnerability to injury, marital discord, and becoming involved in intimate partner violence life. life span shortens by 12 years low performance on problem-solving, brain shrinkage other physical problems
Mesocorticaolimbic pathway is involved in which function and stimulation?
Of the brain
Functions- emotions, memory and gratification in the central part of the brain
direct electrical stimulation of the ventral to nucleus accumbens to prefrontal cortex
that produces great pleasure has strong reinforcing properties
Alcohol and genetics should be viewed by?
As compatible means rather than competitive in means the mechanics of genetic influence with both psychological and social detriment’s of this disorder.
Substance abuse involves two things which are?
Potentially hazardous behaviour such as drink driving and continual use despite persistent problems
What is the difference between alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence
Abuse of alcohol is characterised by people who engage in behaviours that are high risk, dangerous and generally are considered unsafe. A dependence on alcohol differs from this as the behaviours are linked to physical or mental need for alcohol.
What are the major physiological effects of alcohol?
Alcohol is both a stimulant and depressant to the nervous system. It reduces tension, facilitates social interaction and blots out feelings or events. can cause blackouts, memory loss, can lower sexual performance, it affects the brain activates pleasure areas, inhibits glutamate ( brains excitatory neurotransmitter) ability to learn
Identify the physical interpersonal and social or occupational problems that can result from chronic alcohol use
Substance related disorders such as alcohol abuse are among the most widespread mental health problem facing today. Creates marital relationship failure, lack in parents guidance, social cultural attitudes may predispose people to alcohol abuse problems.
What are the five major psychosocial causal factors that may contribute to alcohol abuse and dependence?
1/ Failures in parental guidance,2/psychological vulnerability such as alcoholic personality, 3/ stress tension reduction in reinforcement, 4/ expectations of social success and 5/ marital and other intimate relationships
Describe the psychosocial interventions used to treat alcohol dependence. What other treatment is there?
group therapy - individual and family
environmental intervention- social support for coping tools
behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy- aversion conditioning therapy, skills training procedure (modify cognitions with education), motivational therapy, computer-based therapy.
- controlled drinking versus abstinence and the more traditional Alcoholics Anonymous
Medication of blocking the desire to drink and reducing side effects
What are the major biological and physiological effects of using opiates such as morphine inherent?
opiates include: opium, morphine, codeine, heroin and methadone. alleviates physical pain, induces relaxation, unpleasant feelings and alleviates anxiety and tension. methadone is treatment for heroine dependents. rush last about 60 seconds like a sexual orgasm followed by a lethargic state, pleasant feeling 4-6 hours. High craving for the drug.
What are the three major causal factors in the development of a opiate abuse and dependence?
There is no causal pattern that fits all addictions to opiate drugs, however fulmer (1980) concludes the reasons the beginning heroine was pleasure curiosity peer pressure. by far pleasure was an 81% of addicts. other reasons include escape From stress social conditions and personal maladjustment
What is methamphetamine? What are the major health factors related to methamphetamine use?
Crystal, ice and is a highly addictive high. Form of amphetamine and is cooked. Increases levels of dopamine, prolonged use changes the structure of the brain. Problems in learning, memory and cognitive dysfunction. Paranoid thinking and hallucinations. High resistance to treatment
