Childhood Disorders Flashcards
Discuss the special psychological vulnerabilities of children
have no realistic view of themselves, see threats out of proportion, a limited perspectives, unrealistic concepts to explain events, depending on other people to buffer events, lack of experience with adversity
Developmental psychopathology define
Developmental psychopathology is the study of the development of psychological disorders, such as psychopathy, autism, schizophrenia and depression, with a lifecourse perspective.[1] A main idea is that psychopathology can be best understood as normal development gone awry. [2]
What are intellectual disabilities and serious organic brain impairment ?
When there is a serious brain impairment before the age of 18, when there are cognitive and behaviour deficits this is referred to as intellectual disability. these include down syndrome, phenylketonuria, and certain cranial anomalies. 25% of all cases have an organic type. specific learning disorders Is the failure to learn or master certain skills
What are some specific disorders that occur in childhood?
Disorders of childhood involve behaviour problems characterised by single outstanding symptom rather than persuasive maladaptive patterns. The symptoms may involve enuresis, encopresis, sleepwalking or ticks.
Do anxiety and depression appear in children and adolescents?
Children suffer from anxiety or depressive disorders which typically do not cause trouble for others through aggressive conduct. Rather they are fearful shy withdrawn insecure and have difficulty adapting to outside demands. anxiety disorders maybe characterised by extreme anxiety withdrawal and prevent the child developing more adaptive coping skills. causes - family relationships
What are the common disorders of childhood?
ADHD is the most common behaviour problems of childhood- shows impulsive overactive behaviour that interferes with her ability to publish tasks. Conduct disorder child engages in persistent aggressive or antisocial act. CD and
delinquent behaviour includes biological factors, personal pathology, family patterns and peer relationships.
How does maladaptive behaviour appear indifferent life periods?
Previously children were viewed as miniature adults. not until the second half of the 20th century Diagnostic practice clearly on the specific problems of children. currently DSM five is followed in order to provide clinical descriptions of a wide range of children behaviour problems
Autism spectrum disorders how is it treated?
No normalised behaviour has been found with autism through treatment. New instructional and behaviour modification techniques have been helpful in improving less severely impaired children. Extreme maladaptive behaviour occurs In early years and prevents affected children from developing psychologically.
Compare and contrast mild , moderate, intellectual disability
Mild-Those diagnosed with a mild intellectual disability Are considered educable in their intelligence levels. as adults are comparable to those of an average 8 to 11-year-old child. with early diagnosis parental assistance in special education program a great majority of borderline mild intellectuals can adjust socially, master simple academic and occupational skills
Moderate-Individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities a trainable, which means they are able to master certain routine skills such as cooking or minor cleaning work if provided specialised instruction. as adults levels are similar to those of 4 to 7 year old can be taught to read and write a little. early diagnosis parental help at opportunities for training can achieve partial independence. Can be more aggressive and uncoordinated
Compare and contrast severe, and profound intellectual disability
Individuals with severe intellectual disabilities motor and speech development are retarded, sensory defects and motor handicaps are Common.limited levels of personal hygiene and self-help skills. depend on others for care. To some extent from training can perform simple occupational task under supervision.
Individuals with profound intellectual disabilities are unable to master any but the simplest tasks. useful speech if it developed at all is rudimentary. severe deformities, central nervous system pathology and retarded growth. individuals remain in custodial care all their lives poor health low resistance to disease short life expectancy grossly delayed development example in taking solid foods
Describe five biological conditions that may lead to intellectual disability
Down syndrome
Phenylketonuria (lack of liver enzymes)
Cranial anomalies- microcephalic (large), microcephalic (small), hydrocephalus ( cerebrospinal fluid)
What is the cause of down syndrome?
The reason for the trisomy of chromozone 21 is not clear but the defect seems related to a cognitive defect and to parent age of conception the risk of very young and woman in her 40s not clear how ageing produces this effect
