WEEK 1 Flashcards by 1I - DUBRIA, RAFAEL JOHN F.

A field in the biological sciences concerned with the
identification and description of the body structures of
living things.

Anatomy

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A field in the biological sciences concerned with the functions of the structures (cells, tissues, and, organs).

Physiology

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God is with you

Branch of anatomy: The study of surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation.

Surface Anatomy

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Branch of anatomy: The study of structures that can only be seen with the aid of a microscope.

Microscopic Anatomy

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The smallest unit of matter that can participate in chemical reactions.

Atoms

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Branch of anatomy: The study of the development of the first eight (8) weeks of development after fertilization of the human egg.

Embryology

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To God be the glory

It is made up of cells and extracellular matrix that work to perform a particular function.

Tissues

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Composed of fibers and ground substance.

Extracellular Matrix

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Branch of anatomy: The study of the complete development of an individual from fertilization to death.

Developmental Biology

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A motion of the whole body and even the organelles within the cells.

Movement

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Branch of anatomy: It studies changes (gross to microscopic) in organs or tissues associated with the disease process.

Pathological Anatomy

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Branch of physiology: the study of the function of the lungs and air passageways

Respiratory Physiology

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Branch of physiology: The study of the function of the kidneys

Renal Physiology

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Branch of anatomy: Studies the structures that can be seen by the naked eye

Gross Anatomy

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This type of tissue contracts to make body parts move and generates heat

Muscular Tissue

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The basic structural and functional unit of life forms.

Cell

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Structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues. They have specific functions and usually recognizable shapes.

Organs

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At this level of structural organization, different types of tissues are joined together.

Organ level

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This very basic level of structural organization can be compared to the letters of the alphabet and includes atoms and molecules.

Chemical level

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Branch of physiology: Studies the function of the heart and blood vessels.

Cardiovascular Physiology

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Branch of anatomy: Studies the structures found within specific regions of the body.

Regional Anatomy

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This type of tissue covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and cavities, and forms glands.

Epithelial Tissue

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All the parts of the human body functioning together constitutes this level of organizational structure

Organismal level

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Branch of Physiology: The study of the body’s defense against invading microorganisms.

Immunology

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It is the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body.

Metabolism

Production of new individuals. Formation of new cells for tissue repair or replacement

Reproduction

Any process that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival

Homeostasis

Branch of anatomy: The study of the structures of specific body systems.

Systemic Anatomy

This tissue type carries information from one part of the body to another through nerve impulses.

Nervous Tissue

This level of structural organization consists of related organs with a common function.

System level

The scientific study of cells

Cell biology/Cytology

The breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components.

Catabolism

Examiner listens to body sounds to evaluate the functioning of certain organs, often using a stethoscope to amplify the sounds

Auscultation

Development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state.

Differentiation

Sets a range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained

Control center

It reverses the change in the controlled condition.

Negative Feedback

If combined together, they will form organelles.

Molecules

Branch of physiology: The study of hormones

Endocrinology

An increase in the body size that results from the increase in the number and size of the cells.

Growth

This type of tissue connects, supports, and protects body organs while distributing blood vessels to other tissues.

Connective Tissue

The study of the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues.

Histology

Branch of physiology: The study of the function of the nerves

Neurophysiology

It is the building of complex chemical substances from smaller and simpler components.

Anabolism

The ability to detect and respond to changes within and outside of the body.

Responsiveness

The majority of the bacteria that make us sick; replicate at the normal body temperature of 37° C.

Mesophiles

A cycle of events in which the status of body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, re-monitored, re-evaluated, and so on.

Feedback System

Reclining body position in which the body is lying face down

Prone

The upper part of a structure; towards the head.

Superior/Cranial

It is also known as the chest cavity; It is formed by the ribs, muscles of the chest, sternum, and a portion of the vertebral column.

Thoracic Cavity

The vertical plane that divides the body or organ into the right and left side

Sagittal Plane

Body structure that receives output from the control center and produces a response or effect that changes controlled condition

Effector

It supports the head and attaches it to the trunk

Neck

On the opposite side of the body as another structure

Contralateral

It tends to strengthen or reinforce a change in one body’s controlled conditions.

Positive Feedback

This cavity is a fluid-filled space that encloses the heart.

Pericardial Cavity

Passes through the body or organ at an angle other than 90°

Oblique Plane

The examiner feels body surfaces with the hands.

Palpation

Branch of physiology: Changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity.

Exercise Physiology

Fluid within cells

Intracellular Fluid

Any abnormality of structure or function.

Disorder

The science that deals with why, when, and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted among individuals in a community

Epidemiology

Descriptions of any region or part of the human body assume that it is in a standard position of reference.

Anatomical Position

This region of the body consists the skull and face

Head

Body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to a control center.

Receptor/Sensor

This major region of the body consists of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis.

Trunk

Towards the surface of the body.

Superficial

Divides the body equally

Midsagittal/Median Plane

Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

Diaphragm

This cavity contains the urinary bladder, some portions of the large intestine, and internal organs of the male and female reproductive system

Pelvic Cavity

Divides the body into superior and inferior sections.

Transverse/Horizontal Plane

Away from the midline; divides the body unequally

Parasagittal Plane

Thin, pliable tissue that covers, lines, and partitions structures

Membranes

The fluid outside body cells

Extracellular Fluid

Is a post-mortem (after death) examination of the body and dissection of its internal organs to confirm or determine the cause of death.

Autopsy

Line cavities or tubes that open to the exterior portion of the body. E.g: Nasal cavity, Oral cavity

Mucous Membranes

Farther from the attachment of the limb to the trunk, or farther from the origin of the structure

Distal

Away from the surface

Deep

Normal process characterized by a progressive decline in the body’s ability to restore homeostasis

AGINGGGGGGGG

Organs inside the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are called?

Viscera

Imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body parts.

Planes

Nearer to or at the front of the body

Anterior/Ventral

Words that describe the position of one body part relative to another.

Directional Terms

This cavity contains the spinal cord.

Vertebral/Spinal Cavity

# Gwapo si Rafael John Dubria The central portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm; contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels.

Mediastinum

This cavity extends from the diaphragm to the groin and is encircled by the abdominal muscular wall and the bones and muscles of the pelvis

Abdominopelvic Cavity

The serous membrane of the pericardial cavity

Pericardium

The serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

Peritoneum

Away from the head, or the lower part of a structure

Inferior

Nearer to the midline

Medial

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the origination of a structure.

Proximal

On the same side of the body as another structure

Ipsilateral

Between a more medial and more lateral structure.

Intermediate

Near to or at the back of the body

Posterior/Dorsal

Divides the body into front and back

Frontal/Coronal Plane

Spaces that enclose internal organs

Body Cavities

This cavity is formed by cranial bones and contains the brain

Cranial Cavity

This cavity houses the lungs and has two fluid-filled spaces that enclose them.

Pleural Cavity

Thin lining epithelium that lines the wall of the cavity

Parietal Layer

Thin epithelium that adheres to the viscera or organs

Visceral Layer

# Not to be confused with the abdominal quadrants This abdominal region contains the liver, right kidney, gall bladder, large/small intestine

Right Hypochondriac Region

# Not to be confused with the abdominal quadrants This abdominal region contains the Sigmoid colon, descending colon, and the small intestine

Left Iliac Region

# Not to be confused with the abdominal quadrants This abdominal region contains the duodenum, small intestine, and transverse colon.

Umbilical Region

# Not to be confused with the abdominal quadrants This abdominal region contains the bladder, Sigmoid colon, small intestine, and reproductive organs

Hypogastric Region

# Not to be confused with the abdominal quadrants This abdominal region contains liver, stomach, spleen, duodenum, adrenal glands, and pancreas

Epigastric Region

# Not to be confused with the abdominal quadrants This abdominal region contains the descending colon, small intestine, and left kidney

Left Lumbar Region

# Not to be confused with the abdominal quadrants This abdominal region contains the liver's tip, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, large/small intestines

Left Hypochondriac Region

# Not to be confused with the abdominal quadrants This abdominal cavity contains the appendix, cecum, ascending colon, and small intestine.

Right Iliac Region

# Not to be confused with the abdominal quadrants This abdominal region contains the appendix, small intestine, and the right kidney.

Right Lumbar Region

Reclining body position in which the body is lying face up.

Supine

The science that deals with the effects and uses of drugs in the treatment of disease.

Pharmacology

Is the science and skill of distinguishing one disorder or disease from another.

Diagnosis

This region of the body consists of extremities that are attached to the trunk and includes the shoulder, elbow, armpit, etc.

Upper Limbs

This region of the body consists of extremities that are attached to the trunk and includes the buttocks, thigh, leg, etc.

Lower Limbs

This region of the body consists of extremities that are attached to the trunk and includes the buttocks, thigh, leg, etc.

Lower Limbs