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ANAPHY LEC > MUSCULAR SYSTEM > Flashcards

MUSCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Cytoplasm of the muscle cells

A

Sarcoplasm

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2
Q

Plasma membrane covering each cell

A

Sarcolemma

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3
Q

Contractile protein myosin molecules, shaped like a golf club head.

A

Thick Filaments

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4
Q

Contractile protein actin molecules also contains the regulatory proteins tropomyosin and troponin

A

Thin filaments

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5
Q

Titin and connectin keep thick and thin filaments aligned over one another for proper contraction to occur; comprise the “Z” line

A

Elastic filaments

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6
Q

Energy-storing polysaccharide abundant in muscle

A

Glycogen

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7
Q

Oxygen-storing red pigment

A

Myoglobin

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8
Q

Tunnel-like extension of the sarcolemma extending from one side of the muscle fiber to the other

A

T tubule

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9
Q

Dilated ends of sarcoplasmic reticulum adjacent to a T tubule

A

Terminal cisternae

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10
Q

A bundle of protein microfilaments

A

Myofibril

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11
Q

A threadlike complex of several hundred contractile protein molecules

A

Myofilament

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12
Q

A protein with a long shaftlike tail and a globular head; constitutes the thick myofilament

A

Myosin

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13
Q

A fibrous protein made of a long chain of G actin molecules twisted into a helix; main protein of the thin myofilament

A

F actin

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14
Q

A globular subunit of F actin with an active site for binding a myosin head

A

G actin

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15
Q

Troponin and tropomyosin, proteins that do not directly engage in the sliding filament process of muscle contraction but regulate myosin-actin binding

A

Regulatory proteins

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16
Q

A regulatory protein that lies in the groove of F actin and, in relaxed muscle, blocks the myosin-binding active sites

A

Tropomyosin

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17
Q

A regulatory protein associated with tropomyosin that acts as a calcium receptor

A

Troponin

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18
Q

A springy protein that forms the elastic filaments and Z discs

A

Titin

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19
Q

Alternating light and dark transverse bands across a myofibril

A

Striations

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20
Q

Dark band formed by parallel thick filaments that partly overlap the thin filaments

A

A band

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21
Q

A lighter region in the middle of an A band that contains thick filaments only

A

H band

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22
Q

A light band composed of thin filaments only

A

I band

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23
Q

A disc of titin to which thin filaments are anchored at each end of a sarcomere; appears as a narrow dark line in the middle of the I band

A

Z disc

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24
Q

Functions of muscle

A

Movement, stability, communication, control of body openings and passages, heat production

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25
Q

Property of muscle: respond to chemical, mechanical, or electrical stimuli

A

Excitability(responsiveness)

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26
Q

Property of muscle: initiate events that lead to contraction

A

Conductivity

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27
Q

Property of muscle: ability to shorten substantially

A

Contractility

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28
Q

Property of muscle: able to stretch between contractions

A

Extensibility

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29
Q

Property of muscle: ability to return to original length after stretching

A

Elasticity

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30
Q

3 muscle tissues

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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31
Q

contractile unit of skeletal muscle; defined as the distance between 2 Z discs

A

Sarcomere

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32
Q

Areolar CT covering each muscle fiber and binding it to its neighbors

A

Endomysium

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33
Q

Dense irregular CT covering muscle fascicles

A

Perimysium

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34
Q

Bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium

A

Fascicles

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35
Q

Covering of dense irregular CT surrounding the entire muscle

A

Epimysium

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36
Q

Skeletal muscle fascicle arrangement in which it is thick in the middle and taper at the ends

A

Fusiform

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37
Q

Skeletal muscle fascicle arrangement in which all muscle fibers are parallel

A

Parallel

38
Q

Skeletal muscle fascicle arrangement in which fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon

A

Pennate

39
Q

Skeletal muscle fascicle arrangement spreading out as a fan or converging to a point

A

Convergent

40
Q

Skeletal muscle fascicle arrangement in which muscle fibers arranged concentrically

A

Circular

41
Q

Type of muscles that are localized to a specific area and function only within that area

A

Intrinsic muscles

42
Q

Type of muscles that extend into other areas and are responsible for movements of areas other than where they are attached

A

Extrinsic muscles

43
Q

Muscle whose contraction is responsible for a particular movement

A

Prime mover or agonist

44
Q

Muscles that assist the movement of the prime mover or agonist

A

Synergists

45
Q

Muscle whose action opposes that of the prime mover or agonist

A

Antagonist

46
Q

Stabilizes the origin of the prime mover so it can move more efficiently

A

Fixators

47
Q

Point of attachment where least movement occurs

A

Origin

48
Q

Point of attachment with greatest movement

A

Insertion

49
Q

Is controlled by a nerve impulse transmitted by the motor nerve from the brain or spinal cord

A

Skeletal muscle contraction

50
Q

Consists of all the muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron

A

Motor unit

51
Q

Have fewer muscle fibers/nerves(2:1)

A

Fine control muscles

52
Q

Initiated by an action potential and followed by the release of a chemical neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction

A

Contraction

53
Q

Neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle

A

Acetylcholine

54
Q

Functional connection between a nerve fiber and its target cell

A

Synapse

55
Q

Synapse between a motor nerve and a muscle fiber

A

Neuromuscular junction

56
Q

Bulbous swelling at the end of a motor nerve above the motor end plate on the muscle fiber

A

Synaptic knob, terminal or bouton

57
Q

Gap between the synaptic knob and the motor end plate

A

Synaptic cleft

58
Q

Small packets of neurotransmitter chemical

A

Synaptic vesicles

59
Q

Theory in which muscle fibers are composed of many contractile units. Changes in the amount of overlap between thick and thin filaments allows for contraction and relaxation of muscle fibers

A

Sliding filament theory

60
Q

Type of muscle contraction where myofilaments are able to slide past each other during contractions; muscle shortens

A

Isotonic contractions

61
Q

Type of muscle contraction in which the tension in the muscles increases; muscle unable to shorten

A

Isometric contractions

62
Q

A decrease in the angle of a joint

A

Flexion

63
Q

An increase in the angle of a joint

A

Extension

64
Q

The bicep muscle is shortening while contraction

A

Concentric muscle contraction

65
Q

The bicep muscle is lengthening while contracting

A

Eccentric muscle contraction

66
Q

A movement that brings the thumb closer to the radial bone of the forearm

A

Radial deviation or flexion

67
Q

Draws the little finger closer to the ulnar bone, or outside of the forearm

A

Ulnar deviation or flexion

68
Q

Moving a bone away from the midline of the body

A

Abduction

69
Q

Moving a bone towards the midline

A

Adduction

70
Q

Lifting upward

A

Elevation

71
Q

Moving downward

A

Depression

72
Q

Movement of the radius around the ulna to turn palm up

A

Supination

73
Q

Turning the palm downward

A

Pronation

74
Q

Moving a bone around its long axis

A

Rotation

75
Q

Function of corrugator supercilii

A

wrinkles forehead

76
Q

function of medial rectus

A

Adducts eye

77
Q

Function of pelvic muscle

A

Support of abdominopelvic viscera through their tonic contraction. Resistance to increases in intrapelvic/abdominal pressure during activities such as coughing or lifting heavy objects. chuchu

78
Q

First described in 1881; deficiency of dystrophin, resulting in progressive loss of muscle fibers

A

Dystrophinopathy

79
Q

An autoimmune disease due to an antibody mediated attack directed against nicotinic AchR at neuromuscular junction

A

Myasthenia gravis

80
Q

Lack of immunostaining of dystrophin in muscle biopsy specimen; demonstration of deletion in the dystrophin gene

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

81
Q

The child assumes the hands-and-knees position and then climbs to a stand by walking his hands progressively up his shins, knees, and thighs

A

Gower’s sign

82
Q

Involuntary twitches of muscles

A

Tic

83
Q

Rhythmical, involuntary contractions of opposite groups of muscles

A

Tremor

84
Q

Involuntary, short twitches on motor unit visible under the skin

A

Fasciculations

85
Q

Spontaneous contractions of fibers of one muscle that aren’t visible under the skin

A

Fibrilace

86
Q

Involuntary contraction of one muscle

A

Spasm

87
Q

Painful spasm

A

Cramp

88
Q

Multiple spasms of skeletal muscles

A

Tetanus

89
Q

Inherited, muscle enlarge due to increased fat and connective tissue, but fibers degenerate and atrophy

A

Muscular dystrophy

90
Q

An autoimmune disease due to an antibody-mediated attack directed against nicotinic AchR at neuromuscular junction

A

Myasthenia gravis

91
Q

Functions of the pelvic muscles

A

Support of abdominopelvic viscera through their tonic contraction. Resistance to increases in intrapelvic/abdominal pressure during activities such as coughing or lifting heavy objects. Urinary and faecal continence

92
Q

Function of corrugator supercilli

A

Wrinkles forehead

ANAPHY LEC (10 decks)

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