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GCSE Geography > weather hazards > Flashcards

weather hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

what are global atmospheric circulation cells?

A

global atmospheric circulation cells are made up of
-cool sinking air (high pressure belts of wind)
-warm rising air (low pressure belts of wind)

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2
Q

how many cells does the Northern and Southern hemisphere have? what are they called?

A

northern and southern have 3 cells each

they are called Hadley, Ferrel and Polar

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3
Q

what are the westerlies?

A

surface winds that blow from 30 degrees north towards the north pole

or from 30 degrees south to the south pole

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4
Q

what are the trade winds?

A

surface winds that blow from 30 degrees north or south back towards the equator

trade winds meet at the equator where they are heated and the cycle begins again

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5
Q

what type of weather hazards are common in the Uk?

A

-hail and thunderstorms
-snow and ice
-rain
-heat waves
-drought
-wind

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6
Q

why is wind a hazard in the UK

A

railway lines and airports sometimes have to shut and coastal/upland regions suffer

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7
Q

why are heatwaves a hazard in the UK

A

humans and animals can suffer heat exhaustion and transport can be disrupted (rails buckle and tarmac melts)

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8
Q

How can we describe tropical storms?

A

Very intense, low-pressure weather systems forming above tropical oceans and gave extreme rain and winds

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9
Q

What does the water temperature have to be for tropical storms to form?

A

They form over water that is 26.5 degrees or warmer

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10
Q

Why do tropical storms move west?

A

Near the equator, surface winds are mainly trade winds moving east

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11
Q

Why do tropical storms spin?

A

Because of the earths rotation

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12
Q

List the features of the tropical storms

A

-circular shape
-hundreds of kilometres wide
-last one-two weeks
-spin direction depends on the hemisphere

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13
Q

What is the structure of a tropical storm?

A

Centre = eye of the storm
Around the centre = eyewall made of cumulonimbus clouds

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14
Q

What are conditions like in the eye of a storm?

A

No rain and low pressure and high temperature

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15
Q

How big can the eye of the storm be?

A

Up to 50km wide

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16
Q

What are conditions like in the eyewall

A

Winds are strong and there is lots of rain

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17
Q

Describe the distribution/changing distribution of tropical storms?

A

Currently they mostly happen near the equator where the sea temperature is above 26.5 degrees

Becuase of climate change, more of the sea will be warmer so they will happen more in more places

They’ll also become more intense becuase the sea will be hotter

18
Q

which effect linked to the Earth’s rotation causes storms to spin and move west?

A

The Coriolis Effect

19
Q

list the primary effects of tropical storms

A

-damage to infrastructure like transport and bridges
-flights and trains cancelled becuase of wind
-flying debris can hurt people
-electric cables and pylons damaged
-rivers and coastal towns flooded - sewage could overflow and mix with water supplies

20
Q

list the secondary effects of a tropical storm

A

-floods can damage people’s houses causing homelessness
-if water/electric is cut off people can be stranded from basic health requirements
-people may not be able to get to work and make money
-damage to crops and livestock and blocked supply lines contributing to food shortages

21
Q

list the immidiate responses to tropical storms

A

-evacuation
-people left stranded by flooding etc rescued by emergency services
-tents, food, water can be provided
-anybody killed to be found and buried to stop disease
-govornment/nongov aid to be sent quickly

22
Q

list some long term responses to tropical storms

A

-repair peoples flooded homes and infrastrucure
-encourage economic recovery eg tax relief
-improve early prediction and make buildings safer

23
Q

how can scientists predict storms?

A

-they can monitor using satilites and radars
-meterorologists build models to forecast weather however its not always acurate

24
Q

how can buildings be protected by storms?

A

-planning regulations can ensure buildings are built safely
-stilts used to help stop flooding
-reinforced concrete
-flood defeces

25
Q

how high were the wind speeds in typhoon haiyan?

A

275 km/hr

26
Q

how high was the storm surge in typhoon haiyan?

A

5m

27
Q

what were the primary effects of typhoon haiyan?

A

-6,300 people killed
-damage to 40,000 homes
-90% of the city of Tacloban was destroyed

28
Q

what were the secondary effects of typhoon haiyan?

A

-roads were blocked by landslides caused by flooding
-disease outbreaks were caused by lack of clean water/sanitation

29
Q

what were the immidiate responses to typhoon haiyan?

A

-over $1.5 billion of foreign aid pledged
-1,200 evacuation centres set up
-250,000 litres of water distributed in two weeks
-1 million packs of food

30
Q

what were the long term responses to typhoon haiyan?

A

-Oxfam replaced fishing boats
-homes were rebuilt in safer areas - Build Back Better launched in 2014 by government (upgraded damaged buildings and a no-build zone)

31
Q

where did typhoon haiyan form?

A

over warm tropical waters of the Pacific Ocean

32
Q

what category storm was typhoon haiyan?

A

category 5 ‘super’ typhoon

33
Q

what country and what island did typhoon haiyan affect?

A

Philippines, Island of Leyte

34
Q

whats the name of the model that describes how air circulates at different latitudes?

A

global atmospheric circulation model

35
Q
A
36
Q

When was the Boscastle flood?

A

16 August 2004

37
Q

What happened in the Boscastle flood?

A

Heavy rainfall caused two nearby rivers to burst their banks

38
Q

What were 4 causes of the Boscastle flood?

A

-heavy rainfall (75mm in 2 hrs)
-harbour wall creates a bottleneck
-impermeable shale rock
-impermeable surfaces in the village

39
Q

What were the responses to the Boscastle flood?

A

-natural wetland area and salmon spawning grounds created
-rebuilt car park with permeablesurface
-deepened and widened river to increase channel capacity

40
Q

What were the effects of the Boscastle flood?

A

-50 cars destroyed
-80 houses destroyed
-disruption to local businesses
-habitats lost
-£4m in insurance claims

GCSE Geography (17 decks)

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