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GCSE Geography > London > Flashcards

London Flashcards

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1
Q

give 6 reasons why London is important

A

-home to the London stock exchange where very successful companies are traded

-lots of big companies have their headquarters here

-home to the Houses of Parliament where important decisions about the country are made

-home to Heathrow airport which handles 75million passengers each year

-massive tourist destination with 20 million tourists visiting to see stuff to do with the monarchy, entertainment like the west end and the Tate and wider culture eg tubes

-it provides 22% of the UKs entire wealth

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2
Q

what happened after WWII to london’s population and why?

A

it faced counter urbanisation as better transport and more wealth lead to people seeking a better life outside the polluted city

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3
Q

in the last … years, London’s population has grown to …. million in 2016. This is the largest in the …

A

-25
-8.6
-EU

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4
Q

what has this growth of London’s population been driven by?

A

immigration of other nationalities - especially from Eastern European countries like Poland, Bulgaria and Romania

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5
Q

-why has the outer limit of London hardly changed?
-how then have they been able to cope with the increasing population?
-what are the consequences of a denser population?

A

-the govornment have prevented development on new greenfield land.

-its become more densley populated with old housing and industrial sites being replaced by high-rise housing

-house prices have sharply risen due to high demand. In 2017 the average for London was £480,000 compared to the UK average of £210,000

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6
Q

give 2 ways that immigration has influenced the character of London

A

-people from Bangladesh influenced the Brick Lane area of Tower Hamlets which is now famous for its curry restaraunts
-the wealth of super-rich Russian, Chinese and Arab billionares is evident in the quality shops and entertainment of areas like Notting Hill in Kensignton

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7
Q

how many people in London are white-British?

A

45%

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8
Q

what 2 positives does an ethnically diverse city bring?

A

-a mix of cultures creating great restaruants and entertainment oppourtunities = great for tourism

-attracts major companies (eg google who have built their european headquarters in Kings Cross) because of the diverse and talented people there

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9
Q

how long is the Crossrail (Queen Elizabeth Line) and when did it open?

A

118km, Dec 2019

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10
Q

how much will this increase the railway capactiy?

A

10%

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11
Q

how many people do they predict will use Crossrail? why is this good?

A

-200 million
-eases congestion on the busy central line and will speed up journey times

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12
Q

how many more people will crossrail bring within 45 mins of Central London?

A

1.5 million people

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13
Q

crossrail:
-how much does it predict to collect in fares?
-how much is the estimated cost of the project?
-how many people did it employ to build?

A

-£700-£800 million annually
-around £14.8 billion
-55,000 full time workers

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14
Q

how will the crossrail benefit London (apart from the fact that it will draw more people to London and reduce congestion)

A

the 10 new train stations, public spaces and associated developments will act as a catalyst for regeneration

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15
Q

what is a TBM

A

a tunnel boring machine

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16
Q

-what % of children live in poverty in Tower Hamlets?
-what does this mean for them?
-what is the infant mortality rate?

A

-43%
-they lack access to basic services like education and healthcare that enable them to have a good quality life
-4.1 - higher than the London average

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17
Q

-what % of 19 year olds do not have a level 3 (A level) qualification in Tower Hamlets?
-ranks in the bottom … boroughs for educational attainment

A

-36%
-10

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18
Q

-many of the population are …… or …. …… migrants
-the area has a particularly large and poor ………. community

A

-refugees or poor, economic
-Bangladeshi

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19
Q

Tower Hamlets is the ….th most deprived areas in England and one of the most deprived boroughs in London

A

10

20
Q

-how many murders were there in Tower Hamlets between 2016-17?
-by what % has sexual offenses risen between 2016-17
-gun crime has increased by …

A

-6
-20%
-16%

21
Q

Tower Hamlets has one of the highest unemployment rates of any London Borough. What % of the working age population are unemployed?

A

7.7%

22
Q

-how many children in Kensington and Chelsea are in relative poverty?
-what is the infant mortality rate in Kensington and Chelsea?

A

-29% (much lower than the London average of 37%)
-3.8

23
Q

-what % of the working age population are unemployed in Kensington and Chelsea?
-what % of those in employment work in well-paid finance, real-estate or scientific industries?

A

-4.8%
-42%

24
Q

how many streets in Kensington and Chelsea are in the top 20 most expensive places to live in the UK?

A

16

25
Q

-how many people in Kensington and Chelsea have a level 4 (university degree) qualification?

A

-53%

26
Q

Reading is a commuter town.
what is a commuter town?
How many people live there?
How many people commute from there to London/elsewhere to work?

A

-towns/villages with a population who sleep there but who commute to get to work in a nearby urban area
-320,000
-33,000

27
Q

why is Reading a good place to live if your a commuter?

A

-its superb transport links like the quick access to the M4
-40 minutes to get to Heathrow and 25 minutes into London by rail

28
Q

why would people choose to live in Reading rather than London? however why is this changing and what is it causing?

A

-the average house price in Reading is £300,000; half that of London
-however this has risen by 30% in the last 5 years as its popularity as a commuter town increases
-its now suffering a drop due to large increases in rail fares

29
Q

why is Reading and its neighbours Maidenhead and Slough a threat? Give a stat

A

-they are expanding and threatning the greenbelt land to the west of London
-Berkshire county council is planning to build 65,500 new homes by 2036 due to continued demans. The new homes will be primarily built on greenfield land causing urban sprawl

30
Q

name 5 oppourtunities that come from the regeneration of Stratford for the Olympic games

A

-more housing
-investments into better transport
-the environment was cleaned up
-social cohesion and diversity
-employment oppourtunities

31
Q

explain the social oppourtunity of more housing that came with the regeneration of Stratford

A

after the games, the Olympic village was turned into 9,000 new homes. Half was sold to the general public and the other half was sold to housing associations who assist people with lower incomes to find a house.

32
Q

explain the socio-economic oppourtunity that is better transport that comes from the Stratford regeneration

A

£17 billion was invested into transport improvements such as the redevelopment and expansion of Stratford Train Station. This benefits East London and the city as a whole

33
Q

explain the environmental oppourtunities that came from Stratford regeneration

A

the environment was cleaned up and derelict land was replaced with 4,000 trees and 74,000 plants and polluted waterways were cleaned

34
Q

explain the oppourtunity of social cohesion that comes from Stratford regeneration

A

Stratford is one of the most culturally diverse UK communities. Social cohesion was promoted and this improved the image of East London and the whole country

35
Q

explain the social oppourtunity of employment oppourtunities that came from Stratford regeneration

A

12,000 permanent jobs were created during the regeneration project like maintinence jobs for new infrastructure such as water pumping stations. Also created thousands of temporary ones.

36
Q

name 5 Stratford regeneration challenges

A

-the cost of the games was extensive

-some local bussinesses were disrupted including 3000 firms which had to be relocated

-the risk of terrorism threats increased during the games so policing had to increase

-local residents were forcibly displaced from their homes and despite compensation of £8,500 and alternative accomadation some elderly and vunerable groups were reluctant to move homes

-locals faced noise and visual pollution, heavy vehicle movement and road closure

37
Q

give 4 social reasons why Stratford was in need of regeneration

A

-higher deprivation than rest of London
-low achievement in local schools
-housing inequalities
-higher levels of crime

38
Q

give 3 economic reasons why Stratford was in need of regeneration

A

-income below London’s average = high levels of poverty
-high levels of unemployment
-low skill level within workforce

39
Q

give 3 environmental reasons why Stratford was in need of regeneration

A

-old, abandoned, derelict industrial sites
-Lower Lea Valley was polluted leading to low diversity
-derelict industrial sites badly contaminated by chemicals

40
Q

London has stayed more or less the same size due to green belts but its population has vastly increased - what has this lead to?

A

-high rise housing - dense population
-high house prices - house in London = £480k but in the rest of the UK =£210k

41
Q

How many people were employed full time to build cross rail?

A

55,000

42
Q

How much did network rail invest in reading station as it is a commuter settlement?

A

£900 million

43
Q

How many Boris Bikes were hired in 2022

A

11.5 million

44
Q

What are the positives of TFL’s Cycle Hire Scheme (Boris Bikes)?

A

-speeds up journey times by reducing traffic
-reduced car journeys
-generates employment (building and maintaining docking systems)

45
Q

How many TFL hire bikes are there? How many docking stations are there?

A

12,000
800

46
Q

How many kilometres of cycle lane have been created as a result of the bike hire scheme?

A

100km

GCSE Geography (17 decks)

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