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GCSE Geography > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an aquifer?

A

A body of permeable rock that can contain groundwater

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2
Q

Why is demand for water increasing?

A

-changes in consumer demand (new tech that uses more water)
-economic development meaning more water is needed for manufacturing and agriculture
-population increase

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3
Q

How does investment in infrastructure affect the supply of water?

A

-LICS cannot afford to invest in infrastructure
-this means they don’t have reliable clean water and have to hope the weather is in their favour
-they are forced to drink unclean water

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4
Q

How does location affect water supply?

A

-if an area is coastal they can desalinate water
-climate of different countries

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5
Q

What factors affect water availability?

A

-geology
-climate
-pollution of supply
-over-abstraction
-limited infrastructure
-poverty

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6
Q

What are the impacts of water insecurity?

A

-waterborne disease
-water pollution
-less food production
-less industrial output
-conflict

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7
Q

What are some strategies to increase water supply?

A

-increasing storage (dams and reservoirs)
-water transfer
-desalination

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8
Q

why is it hard to meet the demand for water in the UK?

A

-population growth
-increased domestic consumption
-industrial use
-agriculture

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9
Q

What are the challenges surrounding managing the supply of water in the UK?

A

-lack of rainfall in the south-east
-poorly maintained infrastructures (leaks)
-pressure on groundwater

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10
Q

Why is managing water quality a challenge in the UK

A

-water pollution
-runoff from fertilisers/chemicals

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11
Q

What is an example of a water transfer in the UK?

A

-keilder water
-transfers water from the keilder reservior on the river Tyne to the river tees
-Sunderland to Middlesborough

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12
Q

What are the social advantages and disadvantages of keilder water?

A

-helps people who have less water carry out daily tasks more efficiently (cooking)
-agriculture will be better and people will have more food
-hygiene improved and more hydrated so better at work/school

-building it could disrupt people’s lives
-peoples land could be lost
-money spent on this could prevent money being spent on social services

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13
Q

What are the economic advantages and disadvantages of keilder water?

A

-creates jobs
-more people can access water so water bills decrease

-costs at least 100 million pounds
-non permanent jobs

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14
Q

What are the environmental advantages and disadvantages of keilder water?

A

-reduces flooding in the North
-more water sources in the South for animals
-water flowing down the highlands provides hydroelectric through dams = energy created through non fossil fuel means

-disrupting habitats in order to build the pipeline
-fish could be killed by getting caught up in the pipes

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15
Q

What is the difference between physical water scarcity and economic water scarcity?

A

Physical = hot and dry climate with little rainfall meaning less water
Economic = they don’t have the money to extract the water

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16
Q

What is a positive of dams and reservoirs?

A

Allows flooding to be controlled on rivers so protects people

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17
Q

what is a negative of a water transfer scheme?

A

landowners can refuse for it to be built on their land

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18
Q

what is a negative of rainwater harvesting?

A

it wont be any help in dry climates as theres no water to collect

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19
Q

what is a negative of desalination?

A

it is the most expensive way for people to get freshwater

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20
Q

what is the definition of water stress?

A

where supplies of water are less than 1700m3 per person

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21
Q

what is the definition of water scarcity?

A

where water supplies are less than 1000m3 per person

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22
Q

define over-abstraction?

A

unsustainable use of wells resulting in ground water supplies such as aquifers drying up before they can be naturally recharged

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23
Q

how is economic development a cause of water scarcity? give an example?

A

HICs have a high demand for water due to industrial output

the wine industry in Australia is causing the Murray River to be over abstracted

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24
Q

why can waterbourne diseases be caused due to water scarcity?

A

-run-offs from fertilizers and pesticides
-open sewers can run into rivers in LICS

25
Q

how long is the great man made river?

A

6000km

26
Q

where is the water transported to and from in the great man made river?

A

water is transported from the the Nubian sandstone Aquifer to Tripoli and Benghazi

27
Q

how much water does the great man made river provide the people of Tripoli and Benghazi?

A

6.5 million m3 of water per day

28
Q

how much did phase one/five of the great man made river cost?

A

around $14bn

29
Q

great man made river: what happened to the pipe repair factory in 2011?

A

it was attacked by NATO warplanes

30
Q

How would define the south-easts water situation?

A

Water stress

31
Q

Define sustainable development

A

Meeting the needs of the current generation while not compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own

32
Q

Give 3 ways that people can conserve water at home

A

-only put on fully loaded dishwashers/washing machines
-wash car less
-shorter showers/lower pressure shower heads

33
Q

What is
-clear water
-grey water
-black water

A

-springs, wells, rain water, purified water
-used water without chemicals or excrement
-contaminated water with toxic chemicals and excrement

34
Q

Where is Rajasthan located?

A

Northern India close to the capital of New Delhi

35
Q

How many of Rajasthan’s 350 wells are overabstracted?

A

150

36
Q

How many villages in Rajasthan didn’t have water?

A

13,500

37
Q

Why was overabstraction happening in Rajasthan?

A

-over use of water for irrigation
-the wells are purely controlled by locals so people may take more than they need

38
Q

What are the two aims of the wakel river basin project?

A

-increase water supply and storage by using local solutions
-raise awareness in local communities about the need of effective water management

39
Q

What are taankas?

A

They are cylindrical rainwater storage tanks made of stone with a lid to stop evaporation and a hatch for collecting the water

40
Q

How long to taankas take to fill up and how long will that water last for?

A

-5-6 days during monsoon season
-can store water for 6 months

41
Q

How deep are taankas and what are their walls painted with?

A

-9 feet deep
-lime wash to prevent water loss

42
Q

How does a pat system work?

A

A small dam (bund) diverts water from a stream towards a field of crops

The bunds are made of wet leaves and rocks

The villagers who use it take turns to maintain the bund

43
Q

What is a positive of the pat system?

A

Farmers can irrigate their crops in a controlled way that doesn’t take away from drinking water

44
Q

What are joheds?

A

Small earth dams that capture are store water

They recharge the ground water supply and raise the water table

45
Q

what % of Libya is desert?

A

90%

46
Q
A
47
Q

List the advantages of the great man made river in Libya?

A

-6.5 m3 of water every day
-better hygiene and hydration
-better irrigation- reduces dependency on foreign imports
-employment and upskilling of the population

48
Q

List the advantages of the great man made river in Libya?

A

-6.5 m3 of water every day
-better hygiene and hydration
-better irrigation- reduces dependency on foreign imports
-employment and upskilling of the population

49
Q

List the disadvantages of the great man made river in Libya

A

-phase one/five alone costs $14 billion
-caused conflict with neighbouring
-unsustainable rate of extraction
-CO2 released = concrete pipes
-targeted by NATO war planes in civil war 2011

50
Q

Why is water important?

A

-vital for health
-source of potential energy
-crucial for growing crops

51
Q

What did the UK gov set up surrounding water transfer and when?

A

-2006
-a water grid to transfer water for surplus areas to deficit areas (enormous cost stopped it from happening)

52
Q

How does the Environment agency manage water quality in the UK?

A

-monitor quality of river water
-filtering water to remove sediment
-purifying water by adding chlorine
-imposing regulations on uses of water

53
Q

Why is global water consumption increasing?

A

-changes in lifestyle and eating habits
-water needed for irrigation
-all sources of energy require water
-urbanisation

54
Q

Where is the Keilder Reservoir?

A

On river Tyne in north east England

55
Q

What are the benefits of Keilder Reservoir?

A

-provide drinking water
-flood control
-HEP
-recreation

56
Q

What is a disadvantages of the Keilder Reservoir?

A

-displacement of habitat/people

57
Q

What is the benefit of the Nubian Sandstone aquifer?

A

Allows populations to thrive in places without surface fresh water

58
Q

What are the disadvantages of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer?

A

-aquifer isn’t recharging
-extraction expensive

59
Q

How loud are wind turbines?

A

40 decibels

GCSE Geography (17 decks)

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