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GCSE Geography > mumbai > Flashcards

mumbai Flashcards

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1
Q

what kind of city is Mumbai?

A

a megacity

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2
Q

give 4 reasons why Mumbai is important

A

-it is the headquarters of many financial institutions like the Bombay stock exchange
-employs 3 million people
-handles 66%of India’s shipping trade
-Indias fashion and entertainment hub (bollywood)
-mumbai generates 40% of the states tax income

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3
Q

Mumbai is located on the …… ……..of India in the ………… state

A

-west coast
-Maharashtra

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4
Q

what is the population of mumabi?

A

12.5 million

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5
Q

give 2 reasons why Mumbai’s population has grown

A

-rural to urban migration - 37% of immigrants are from rural Maharastra - becuase of harsh conditions in rural areas and oppourtunities in mumbai
-natural increase (death rate has fallen due to health improvements like the polio vaccine) but birthrate remains high

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6
Q

list 3 social oppourtunities in mumbai

A

-compared to rural areas it has good access to clean water and electrisity (reduces waterbourne disease, even slum dwellers get it for 2 hrs)(electricity means food can be kept, reduces crime)

-access to doctors, food and medication is better in mumbai = better health

-more schools (90% literacy rate)

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7
Q

what are 6 social challenges that there still are in Mumbai

A

-parents may be unable to buy school equipment
-it has open sewers
-workers rights and safety standards are very low
-slum dwellers only have water for 2 hours in the morning.
-city uses lots of energy 75% of which is from coal powered stations.

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8
Q

name 4 economic challenges in mumbai

A

-informal economy
-corruption and taking bribes is common.
-organised crime is a problem

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9
Q

why is the informal economy a challenge?

A

a large number of buissinesses are illigal, unregistered and therefore pay no tax. 68% are in an informal economy.

this means the govornment is getting less tax so cant pay for things that go towards public welfare.

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10
Q

why is lack of employment a challenge?

A

because it leads to people lack an income, job security and lots of money because they dont receive benefits

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11
Q

why is corruption a challenge?

A

corruption and taking bribes is common. 46% of people have had to pay police/utilities company bribes. this promoted inequality because poor cant pay them but rich can.

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12
Q

why is organised crime a challenge?

A

organised crime is a problem that causes violent crime, drug trafficking, tax evasion ect. hard to tackle becuase of the high levels of suppourt for gangs within the poor communities.

it leads to peoples safety being in jepordy

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13
Q

why is parents having to pay for school equipment a challenge?

A

parents have to pay for school books and equipment and many children are forced to leave school to work and supply for their families

this leaves inequality as the poor are unable to be educated

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14
Q

why is mumbais open sewers a challenge?

A

it has open sewers which smell and are full of bacteria. monsoon rains can cause them to overflow into drinking water

this can lead to people being ill and not attending work/school

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15
Q

why is workers rights being low a challenge?

A

workers rights and safety standards are very low - 10hour days 6-7 days a week - and low wages

this leaves people with little money and at risk of health problems (eg people in compound 13 working with burning paint)

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16
Q

why is access to water a challnenge?

A

slum dwellers only have water for 2 hours in the morning. unequal balance between water for rich and water for urban poor. many water sources are polluted.

this leaves people turning to unclean water

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17
Q

why is the city’s high usage of coal powered electrisity a challenge? How are they overcoming this?

A

city uses lots of energy 75% of which is from coal powered stations. city suffers blackouts from rapid growth in demand.

Investments in solar and wind - last major blackout in 2020

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18
Q

name 4 environmental challenges in mumbai

A

-water pollution
-rubbish on streets
-air pollution
-traffic congestion

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19
Q

why is water pollution a challenge for mumbai?

A

the waterways are heavily polluted with sewage and industrial waste. this is due to a lack of infrastructure and regulations.

peoples health will be affected

20
Q

why is rubbish on the streets a challenge?

A

it has a poorly organised rubbish collection service that only visits the tax paying areas. in the poorer areas, rubbish is left on the street to accumulate and breed bacteria.

bad for health.

21
Q

why is air pollution a challenge?

A

the growth in the use of motor cars and coal powered power stations means air pollution has risen.

the level of nitrates and carbon in the air is way above the guidelines from the WHO and pose a great threat to human health

22
Q

why is traffic congestion a challenge?

A

it impacts peoples meantal and physical health and disrupts buisinesses due to late staff and deliveries

23
Q

how many people are packed into Dharavi?

A

1 million people in 1 square mile

24
Q

how many small factories are there in Dharavi?

A

15,000

25
Q

when is water available in Dharavi?

A

5.30am - 7.30

26
Q

list 4 factors that mean people in Dharavi have a low quality of life

A

-little access to clean water
-lack of rubbish collection
-poor access to clean sanitation (toilets/showers)
-disease is common

27
Q

how many people suffer from waterbourne diseases in Dharavi every year?

A

1 in 3

28
Q

list 4 factors that prove Dharavi has a thriving economy

A

-buisnisses and employees dont pay tax (informal economy)
-85% of people in the slum are employed locally so dont need to commute
-some people have managed to become millionares
-300 bakeries provide food for the whole city

29
Q

how many people have to ablute in the streets of Dharavi due to poor maintinence of the public toilets ?

A

1 in 20

30
Q

how much did the slum sanitation project cost and who partly helped fund it?

A

$300 million
the World Bank

31
Q

who built the toilets for the slum sanitation project?

A

several organisations like local NGOs, the govornment and community groups

32
Q

how many slum dwellers bennefitted from the slum sanitation project?

A

400,000

33
Q

how many toilet blocks were constructed?

A

330 with more than 5,100 toilets

34
Q

when was the slum sanitation project completed?

A

1996-2005

35
Q

what is the name of the project that aims to improve all slums in mumbai?

A

Slum Rehabilitation Project - in Dharavi its known as Dharavi Redevelopment Project

36
Q

who will get a new home after the Dharavi redevelopment project?

A

people who have lived in the slum since 2000

37
Q

what good does the govornment say will come from the redevelopment project? 4

A

-better toilet facilities
-reliable electrisity
-water
-sewage systems

38
Q

what will the space created by moving everyone in the slum into apartments be used for? 4

A

-luxury homes
-offices
-shops
-leisure facilities

39
Q

what 5 problems will be caused by the dharavi redevelopment project?

A

-the peoples ideas are being ignored
-breaks up the community
-if you didnt live there before 2000 you wont get rehomed
-70% of the people have to agree before it can be bulldozed and most people are disagreeing. this has led to corruption and intimidation

40
Q

why are private developers helping the govornment deliver this project to Dharavi?

A

the land they free up from housing will be theirs to develop and profit from.

41
Q

how is the govornment trying to improve the equality of reasources for Dharavi (electricity)

A

improvements are still neccasary for access to resources to be equal but slowly, this is happening through the slum electrification project that is trying to deliver electricity to 26,000 slum homes with money from HICs

42
Q

What is a positive of private company involvement in Dharavi Redevelopment?

A

It doesn’t require government spending

43
Q

What conditions in maharastra cause people migrate from rural maharastra to Mumbai?

A

-little access to water
-pollution (rubbish)
-low quality sanitation
-dry climate = lack of farming

44
Q

Give 4 opportunities in Mumbai’s slums

A

-community spirit
-AIF operated mobile health centres that provide free medical services to patients in 130 communities every two weeks
-pottery, recycling and textiles = 50,000 people working in plastic recycling alone
-1000 free primary and secondary schools in Mumbai (slum literacy rate = 69%)

45
Q

What are some challenges in the slums of Mumbai?

A

-1.5 doctors per 1,000
-improper working conditions/underpaid work
-drop out rates are high in schools as young people have to work for family

46
Q

How is the community involved in the slum sanitation project?

A

-households pay a deposit and ongoing fee for usage
-they have a rota to clean them
-involved in the design and construction

GCSE Geography (17 decks)

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