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changing economic world Flashcards

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1
Q

name four physical factors that affect uneven development

A

-natural reasources
-natural hazards
-climate
-location/terrain

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2
Q

why do natural reasources affect uneven development?

A

-fuel sources like oil
-availability of timber
-access to safe water

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3
Q

why do natural hazards affect uneven development?

A

-frequent hazards undermine redevelopment
-benefits from volcanic material

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4
Q

why does climate affect development?

A

-reliable rainfall = good farming
-extreme climate makes it hard to work
-climate can attract tourists

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5
Q

why does location/development affect development?

A

-landlocked countries find it hard to trade
-mountainous terrain makes farming difficult
-scenery attracts tourists

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6
Q

what is the demographic transition model?

A

shows population change over time - studies how birth and death rates affect the total population

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7
Q

what human factors affect uneven development?

A

-aid
-trade
-education
-health
-politics
-history

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8
Q

how does aid lead to uneven development?

A

-aid can help some countries develop infrastructure faster
-improves services like hospitals
-too much reliance on aid might stop other trade routes being established

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9
Q

why does trade affect uneven development?

A

-countries that export more than they import have a trade surplus (improves national economy)

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10
Q

why does education create uneven development?

A

-creates a skilled workforce
-more goods produced
-they work, earn money and pay taxes

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11
Q

how does health impact development?

A

-lack of clean water/healthcare causes disease
-people who are ill cant work
-more money on healthcare = less money on development

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12
Q

how do politics impact uneven development?

A

-corruption causes a poor distribution of money
-stability of the government can affect the countries ability to trade
-the government decides where the invest

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13
Q

how does history impact uneven development?

A

-colonialism has helped europe develop but slowed down development in other countries
-countries that went through industrialisation a while ago (uk) have now developed further

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14
Q

describe stage 1 of the DTM and give an example

A

-high death rate
-high birth rate
-tribes

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15
Q

describe stage 2 of the DTM and give an example

A

-declining death rate
-high birth rate
-population rise
-kenya

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16
Q

describe stage 3 of the DTM and give an example?

A

-rapidly falling death rate
-low birth rate
-population rapidly increasing
-india

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17
Q

describe stage 4 of the DTM and give an example

A

-low birth rate
-low death rate
-no population increase
-UK

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18
Q

describe stage 5 of the DTM and give an example

A

-rising death rate
-low birth rate
-negative population growth
-Japan

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19
Q

name the 7 ways in which we can measure development

A

-employment type (primary, secondary etc)
-gross domestic product per capita
-gross national income per capita
-infant mortality
-literacy rate
-life expectancy
-human development index

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20
Q

what is the human development index?

A

a number that uses life expectancy, education level and income per person to measure development

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21
Q

name 7 ways that we can reduce the development gap

A

-microfinance loans
-foreign-direct investment
-aid
-debt relief
-fair trade
-intermediate technology
-tourism

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22
Q

what are microfinance loans?

A

-involves people in LICs receiving small loans from banks
-loans enable people to begin their own buisnisses
-cant reduce large scale poverty

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23
Q

what is foriegn-direct investment?

A

-when one country buys property or infrastructure in another country
-leads to better access to finance and tech
-investment can come with strings attached

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24
Q

what is aid?

A

-one country gives money/resources to another
-speeds up development
-can be wasted by corrupt gov

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25
Q

what is debt relief?

A

-when a countrys debt is cancelled or interest rates are lowered
-means more can be spent on development
-strings can be attached

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26
Q

what is fair trade?

A

-a movement where farmers get a fair price for the goods produced
-paid fairly so they can develop infrastructure
-only a small amount of extra money reaches producers

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27
Q

give pieces of data about how tourism has impacted jamaica?

A

-in 2015, 2.12 million visited
-tourism contributes 27% to GDP
-130,000 jobs rely on tourism

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28
Q

how has tourism and the multiplier effect impcated jamaica?

A

-jobs from it have meant that more money has been spent in shops
-government has invested in more infrastructure to suppourt tourism
-new sewage treatment plants - reduced pollution

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29
Q

what are issues with development that still remain in jamaica?

A

-tourists dont always spend much money
-infrastructure improvements have not spread to the whole island
-many people still have a poor quality of life

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30
Q

what are the causes of economic change in UK?

A

-deindustrialisation and the decline of the Uks industial base
-globalisation has meant many companies have moved overseas where labour is cheaper
-government invests in suppourting vital buisnesses

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31
Q

what sector of the industry is the UK moving towards?

A

-the quaternary industry
-big increase in professional and technical jobs

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32
Q

define science parks

A

groups of scientific and technical knowledge buisnesses on a single site

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33
Q

what is attractive about science parks?

A

-access to transport routes
-staff benefit from attractive working conditions

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34
Q

how many cars do the UK make every day?

A

1.5 million cars

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35
Q

why is Niassan’s factories and products renewable?

A

-7% of the energy used is wind energy
-Nissan produces electric and hybrid cars

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36
Q

UK changes in the rural landscape: what have been the social changes?

A

-rising house prices causing tension in villages
-villages are unpopulated during the day causing loss of identity

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37
Q

Uk changes to the rural landscape: what have the economic impacts been?

A

-lack of affordable housing for local first time buyers
-sales of farmland has increased rural unemployment
-influx of poor migrants is putting pressure on local services

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38
Q

Uk change to a rural landscape: how have improvement to transport impacted?

A

-£15 billion ‘Road Improvement Strategy’ = 10 new roads
-£50 billion HS2 railway to improve connections between UK cities
-£18 billion on Heathrow’s third runway

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39
Q

describe the North/South divide in the UK?

A

-wages are lower in the North
-Heathcare is better in the South
-Education is worse in the North

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40
Q

what are the limitations of measuring development?

A

-corruptions means that, even if it appears that a country is making lots of money, most of that money may not be getting to the people

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41
Q

what are the main historical reasons for ineven development?

A

colonisation and conflict

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42
Q

Give an example of a charitable aid foundation?

A

The Bill and Melinda Gates foundation

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43
Q

Give some examples of intermediate technologies that are used in poor countries?

A

-solar powered LED
-water filtration systems
-more effective water pumps

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44
Q

Why do tourists visit Jamaica?

A

-Ocho Rios = white sandy beaches, nightlife, resorts
-Negril Marine National Park = coral reef, boat rides

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45
Q

How much does tourism contribute to Jamaicas GDP? How many jobs does it create?

A

-35%
-200,000

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46
Q

How much does manufacturing contribute to Nigerias GDP now?

A

10%

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47
Q

How many people were employed in agriculture in Nigeria in 1999?

A

75%

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48
Q

What are the benefits of Trans-National Corporations (TNCS) for developing countries?

A

-they invest in staff training, infrastructure and education
-can result in the multiplier effect - where other business start moving into the country

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49
Q

How many people does shell employee in Nigeria?

A

65,000 (thy also pay tax to the Nigerian gov)

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50
Q

what unions/political links does Nigeria have?

A

-the commonwealth
-united nations
-african union

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51
Q

give an example of bilateral (gov to gov) aid given to Nigeria

A

USA has funded projects to tackle the spread of AIDs

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52
Q

give an example of multilateral aid given to Nigeria

A

the World Bank loaned $50mil to Nigeria in 2014 for development projects

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53
Q

what is multilateral aid?

A

where HICs donate money into organosations like the UN or World Bank to then be given to developing countries

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54
Q

give an example of voluntary aid (from charities like oxfam) recieved by Nigeria

A

nets for life (an NGO) helping to tackle malaria by education and bed nets

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55
Q

what are the causes of economic change in the UK?

A

-de-industrialisation
-globalisation
-government policies

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56
Q

what does the UKs post-industrial economy involve?

A

-service industries (retail, cinemas, experiences)
-science and buisness parks
-research
-information technology
-financial services

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57
Q

define deindustrialisation

A

there are fewer jobs in manufacturing in the UK

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58
Q

what are the imapacts of the UKs shift from secondary to tertiary/quaternary sectors on the environment?

A

good:
-new houses = less heat loss
-buisnesses using renewables (new Land Rover factory in Wolverhampton)
-these sectors dont involve as much greenhouse gas

bad:
-the UK consumes the same amount of good but has to get them imported so its worse for the environment as they may not have as many regulations

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59
Q

give examples of improvements to the UKs transport infrasrtucture?

A

-crossrail recently developed the Elizabeth line
-11 tube lines
-400 miles ‘of smart motorway’ which add a lane by removing hard shoulder (many people have been killed though)
-HS2 (high speed rail connecting London with Birmingham and Manchester) will be completed by 2033

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60
Q

the life expenctancy in Sunderland (the north) is…

A

2 years below the UK average

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61
Q

during the course of the UKs economic development, what links have they made with other countries?

A

-45% of the UKs exports in 2018 were with the EU
-UK films (james bond) and UK music culture (BRITS, Adele) are exported internationally
-the commonwealth legacy ties britain to 56 countries
-fiberoptic cables connect internet traffic between Europe and the UK
-4 airports and Heathrow is the 7th buisiest in the world

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62
Q
A
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63
Q

Give an example for the development of roads in the UK

A

A303

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64
Q

What is the problem with the A303 and why is it important?

A

-main route to the south-west
-the traffic can be stop start due to alternating stretches of dual and single carriageway

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65
Q

How much is the project to widen the A303? What does it entail

A

£2 billion

Digging a 3km tunnel underneath Stonehenge and making it entirely dual carriageway

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66
Q

What is our example of a rail development in the UK?

A

HS2

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67
Q

How much is HS2?

A

£50billion

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68
Q

What places does HS2 connect?

A

London to Birmingham and other areas of the North

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69
Q

When will HS2 open?

A

2033

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70
Q

Why do many people object to HS2?

A

it runs through several stretches of countryside
-close to many homes
-some homes/business will be demolished

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71
Q

What is our example for expansion of airports in the UK?

A

Heathrow

72
Q

When did the gov decide to open a third runway in Heathrow?

A

2015

73
Q

How much will the new Heathrow runway cost?

A

£18 billion

74
Q

What are the pros and cons of the new Heathrow runway?

A

Cons:
-Locals are worried about the noise

Pros:
-gov has promised to provide money so people can soundproof homes
-gov said there will be no night flights
-more jobs and money in UK

75
Q

What is our example for expansion of ports?

A

Liverpool 2 (L2) docks

76
Q

What does L2 involve?

A

-a new container terminal is being constructed at the Port of Liverpool
-construction of a deep water quay in the river Mersey

77
Q

When was L2 built? How much did it cost?

A

-2016
-£400 mil

78
Q

What are the positives of L2?

A

-more than doubles the docks capacity to over 1.5 mil containers a year
-5000 of jobs
-boosts the economy of the North-West
-reduces amounts of frieght traffic on the roads

79
Q

How many countries are in the commonwealth?

A

56

80
Q

Who is the head of the commonwealth?

A

King Charles III

81
Q

What’s the general principles of the commonwealth?

A

-suppourt democracy
-develop society, gender equality, education, sport and young people (commonwealth games)
-boost trade and economy
-support small states, helping them tackle challenges

82
Q

What are the benefits of the commonwealth on the UK?

A

-trade agreements benefit UK business
-commonwealth games improve relations and public image

83
Q

Give some arguments for BREXT?

A

-by not having to pay the EU membership fees the gov can fund things like the NHS
-creates opportunities for British workers as the UKhas to be self sufficient
-immigration is controlled by the UK

84
Q

Why is Nigeria important in Africa?

A

It’s the most populous and economically powerful country in Africa

85
Q

What strategies used at Nestle, Fawdon make it eco-friendly?

A

-Anaerobic digestor
-solar panels
-greener transport

86
Q

Describe the anaerobic digestor at Nestle, Fawdon

A

-recycles the factory’s waste (sweet residue)
-bacteria breaks down waste into solid, liquid, gas
-gas is syphoned off to create energy
-liquids are filtered and released into rivers
-solids are used as compost/fertilisers

87
Q

How much of Nestle, Fawdon’s energy is generated by anearobic digestor?

A

6%

88
Q

Describe the solar pannel installation in Nestle, Fawdon

A

-largest solar panel installation in the North East
-1,970 panels

89
Q

How much energy does Nestle, Fawdon generate through solar and how much has this reduced their CO2 emissions by?

A

-1.5% of energy
-reduces CO2 released by 225,000kg

90
Q

How does Nestle, Fawdon use greener transport to make them more eco-friendly?

A

Encourage employees to use electric vehicles by having lots of on-site charge points

Also got Nissan to get discounts for their employees

91
Q

What are the social impacts of population growth in south Cambridgeshire?

A

-80% car ownership increases traffic on country lanes
-gentrification leads to a breakdown in community spirit

92
Q

What are the economic impacts of population growth in south Cambridgeshire?

A

-farmers are forced to sell land for houses as agriculture declines
-lack of affordable housing
-high petrol prices due to high demand

93
Q

What are the economic impacts of population decline in the outer Hebrides?

A

-the number of fishing boats went from 900 in the ’40s to just a few in 2013
-in the 2000s there was a 27% increase in tourism but they can scale up infrastructure in order to make it an alternative source of income

94
Q

What percentage of shell contracts go to Nigerian companies?

A

91%

95
Q

Why is increased wealth in Jamaica not entirely a good thing?

A

Most money goes back to TNC country of origin

96
Q

Give examples of environmental positives emerging from Jamaicas increased tourism?

A

-new sewage treatment works at Logwood
-nature reserves in Negril
-ecotourism growing in popularity

97
Q

Give environmental negatives of Jamaicas tourism

A

-excessive water consumption and waste production
-air and noise pollution from land, sea and air traffic

98
Q

Give examples of infrastructure improvement as a result of tourism in Jamaica

A

-north coast = improved roads, electricity and sewage systems (south coast not benefitted as much)
-Falmouth and Kingston = major sea ports developed to handle 1.5 million passengers every year

99
Q

What is a TNC

A

Transnational corporations = a large company that operates in several countries - usually has ifs headquarters in one country with production in several others

100
Q

What is the global importance of Nigeria?

A

-creates 2.7% of the world’s oil (12th largest producer)
-5th largest contributor to UN peacekeeping missions

101
Q

What is the national importance of Nigeria?

A

-largest population of any African country (182 million people)
-70% of population employed in agriculture (has over 19 million cattle)
-in 2014 had highest GDP on continent
-3rd largest manufacturing sector in Africa

102
Q

What countries/organisations invest in Nigeria?

A

-China is making major investments in construction in the capital, Abuja
-South Africa is investing in business and banking
-American company General Electric is investing in new power plants
-American corporations like Wal-Mart, IBM and Microsoft operating in Nigeria

103
Q

Give examples of how quality of life varies in different regions of Nigeria

A

-60% of children in urban areas attend secondary school but only 36% do in rural areas
-GDP is generally higher in the South where there are benefits of Niger Delta, high rainfall and oil
-GDP lower in the north due to desertification and militant Islamic group Boko Haram limiting economic growth

104
Q

Give some examples of Nigeria’s culture

A

-Nigerian music Fela Kuti is enjoyed worldwide
-Nigerian cinema (Nollywood) is second largest film industry
-Nigerian football team has won the African Cup of Nations three times

105
Q

Name all of Nigeria’s political links

A

-African Union
-ECOWAS (economic community of West African States)
-CEN-SAD (community of Sahel-Saharan states)
-OPEC (organisation of petroleum exporting countries)
-UN

106
Q

Nigeria: what is the African Union?

A

Economic planning/peacekeeping groyp

107
Q

Nigeria: what is ECOWAS?

A

Trading group made up of West African countries. Has its headquarters in Abuja

108
Q

Nigeria: what is CEN-SAD?

A

has similar aims as ECOWAS and develops sporting links

109
Q

Nigeria: what is OPEC?

A

Aims to stabilise the price of oil and ensure a regular supply,

110
Q

What are Nigerias main exports?

A

Crude/refined petrol, natural gas, rubber, cocoa , cotton

111
Q

What is one of Nigeria’s fastest growing imports?

A

Telephones imported from China which are in demand from the growing population and emerging middle class

112
Q

Why is Nigeria’s economy developing?

A

-investment in science and technology training
-advances in technology
-many people speak English = potential for telecommunication
-information technology is driving the economy rather than oil

113
Q

How is manufacturing affecting development?

A

-regular work gives people a secure income
-stimulates growth through companies helping each other (eg making car parts for a car factory)
-increased employment
-thriving industry attracts foreign investors

114
Q

Nigeria: What are advantages of TNCs

A

-provide employment
-more money spent in economy
-investment from companies on infrastructure and education
-valuable export revenues are earned

115
Q

Nigeria: what are disadvantages of TNCs?

A

-local workers can be underpaid
-working conditions may be poor
-management jobs often taken by foreign employees
-much profit goes abroad

116
Q

Nigeria: what are disadvantages of TNCs?

A

-local workers can be underpaid
-working conditions may be poor
-management jobs often taken by foreign employees
-much profit goes abroad

117
Q

What are the benefits of Shell in Nigeria?

A

-contributes to tax/export revenues
-employs 65,000 people
-91% of shell contracts go to Nigerian companies
-growing Nigeria’s energy sector

118
Q

What are the challenges of Shell in Nigeria?

A

-oil spills causing water pollution limiting fishing
-frequent oil flares = toxic fumes
-oil theft and sabotage reducing production levels and costing TNCs/government money

119
Q

Why does Nigeria receive aid?

A

-almost 100 million people live on less than $1 a day
-birth rates and infant mortality rates are high but life expectancy is low

120
Q

What aid does Nigeria receive?

A

-receives $5000 million a year
-independent countries like UK and US
-WorldBank
-charities and NGOs

121
Q

Give some examples of aid and how they benefit Nigeria?

A

-in 2014 the world bank approved a $500 million project to fund development projects (reduces over dependence on oil)
-UK department for international development has funded health/HIV programmes providing education in rural areas
-USAID funded ‘community care in Nigeria’ project provides packages for orphans
-NGO ‘nets for life’ educates on malaria prevention and mosquito nets
-aid from USA protects from AIDS/HIV

122
Q

Nigeria: What prevents aid from being used effectively?

A

-corruption in government
-government may direct aid for other things (eg building navy)
-donors may have influence over what happens with aid

123
Q

How does Nigerian industrial growth affect the environment?

A

-70-80% of nigerias forests have been destroyed (500 species of plant have dissapeared)
-pollutants go into open drains and damage ecosystems downstream
-industries dispose of waste on nearby land - threatens groundwater quality
-industrial chimneys emitting noxious gases can harm human respiratory health

124
Q

How can urban growth in Nigeria impact the environment?

A

-waste disposal has become a major issue
-services have failed to keep up with the rate of growth
-traffic congestion and high levels of exhaust emissions
-squatter settlements common

125
Q

What Is the impact of mining and oil extraction on the environment in Nigeria?

A

-local water supplies polluted by toxic chemicals
-Tin mining = soil erosion
-oil spills cause fires leading to acid rain
-oil spills in the Niger Delta impacting freshwater

126
Q

When were the Bodo oil spills in Nigeria?

A

2008/09

127
Q

Outline what happened in the Bodo oil spills

A

Two large oil spills devastated the livlihoods of thousands of farmers/fishermen living in the swamps in Bodo in the Niger Delta

128
Q

Nigeria: How many gallons of oil were spilled in Bodo and over what area?

A

11 gallons over 20km2

129
Q

Nigeria: what did shell promise to do in compensation for the Bodo oil spills?

A

-in 2015, shell agreed to pay £55 million compensation to individuals and communities in Bodo to be used to build health clinics and schools
-shell also agreed to clean swamps and fishing grounds

130
Q

Give some examples of how quality of life has improved in Nigeria

A

-reliable electricity supply like lighting and heating
-reliable, better paid jobs in manufacturing and services
-higher disposable income
-improving infrastructure
-better quality of healthcare

131
Q

Why are the developmental improvements in Nigeria not all good?

A

-they have not developed as fast as other countries due to corruption
-over dependence on oil

132
Q

What is GNI?

A

-Gross National Income
-total value of goods and services produced by a country plus money earned and paid to other countries
-expressed per head

133
Q

Why are single measures of development bad?

A

-they are an average for the whole county (if there are only a few very rich people, the whole country will appear very rich)
-data may be hard to collect
-data may be unreliable due to government corruption

134
Q

When did Nigeria become independent from the UK? When was there a civil war? When did it achieve a stable government?

A

-1960
-1967-1970
-1999

135
Q

Describe Nigeria’s population and what this has resulted in

A

-multiethnic and multi faith
-the Islamic fundamentalist group - the Boko Haram creating an unstable situation in the country
-less investment from abroad

136
Q

Describe how each of the sections of Nigeria’s economy has developed

A

-employment in the primary sector (agriculture) has fallen due to increase in use of farm machinery and better pay in other sections
-employment in secondary sector (industrialisation) has increased in areas like oil production, construction and pharmaceuticals
-tertiary sector (communications, finance, retail) grown

137
Q

How had the UK economy changed?

A

-Industrial Revolution meant that people went from working in primary sector moved to cities to work in the manufacturing sector
-in the last few decades there has been a big shift towards the tertiary sector (health care, finance)
-most recently the quaternary sector has developed (research, IT)

138
Q

Why has the UK experienced de-industrialisation (decline in secondary sector)?

A

-machines and technology have replaced people
-China and Malaysia can produce goods for cheaper because labour costs less
-traditional UK industries like mining and engineering have been replaced as now the UK is a centre for finance, research and creative industries

139
Q

What is a main reason for the explosion of the quaternary sector in the UK?

A

Globalisation meaning that many people are working on global brands/products

140
Q

What were UK government policies in the 1940s-1970s regarding the economy?

A

-The government created state run industries like the National Coal Board, British Rail
-government money was spent on ‘propping up’ declining UK industries even though they were unprofitable

141
Q

What was the government policy towards the economy in 1970s-2010s?

A

-state-run industries were sold off to private shareholders to create more competition
-called privatisation
-new private companies brought innovation - in the UK derelict industrial areas became financial centres

142
Q

What is the current government policy towards the economy in the UK?

A

-to rebalance the economy by rebuilding the manufacturing sector and relying less on things like the financial sector
-this has involved improving transport (cross rail, HS2), investment in manufacturing industries

143
Q

What is a post-industrial economy (which we have in the UK)?

A

The manufacturing industry declines to be replaced by growth in the service sector and the corresponding development of a quaternary sector

144
Q

How have developments in IT affected the UK economy?

A

-internet access allows people to work remotely
-the UK is one of the worlds leading digital economies attracting business and investment from abroad

145
Q

Give some examples of UK research organisations

A

BBC, universities, NHS, Forestry Commission

146
Q

What is a science park?

A

A group of scientific/technical based businesses located on a single site usually associated with a university

147
Q

What is a business park?

A

An area of land occupied by a cluster of businesses on the edge of town

148
Q

Why are business parks located outside towns? What is the benefit of them?

A

-land is cheaper
-more land available
-less traffic congestion
-businesses can work together

149
Q

Name three companies located at University of Southampton business park

A

-Fibrecore = manufacturer of optical fibres
-Symetrica = specialising in gamma ray spectrometers
-PhotonStar = specialising in lighting

150
Q

What are the benefits for companies who choose to locate at Southampton business park?

A

-excellent links to university providing research facilities and talent
-graduates from uni are a source of employees
-attractive location with extensive green areas
-meeting rooms, health centre, cafe, nursery on site
-excellent transport links - M3, Southampton airport and train

151
Q

Where is Cobalt Business park?

A

Newcastle Upon Tyne

152
Q

What transport links does Cobalt Business park have?

A

-A1
-20 mins from international airport

153
Q

What companies are at Cobalt business park?

A

-Siemens
-IBM
-Santander

154
Q

Why do companies at Cobalt Business park get government assistance?

A

The North-East has suffered from economic decline e

155
Q

What are the social impacts of population decline in Outer Hebrides?

A

-number of school children expected to fall and cause school closures
-fewer people of working age
-ageing population with no youth to take care of them - care issues

156
Q

What has the population decline been in the Outer Hebrides since 1901? Why?

A

-50%
-young people move away to look for employment opportunities

157
Q

Where are people coming to South Cambridgeshire from?

A

-other parts of the UK or Cambridgeshire
-more migrants are arriving from Eastern Europe

158
Q

Along with the third runway at Heathrow, what other airport improvements are the UK government making?

A

-increasing length of one of the existing runways at Heathrow (£13.5 bn)
-new runway at Gatwick (£9 bn)

159
Q

How long is crossrail? How much did it cost?

A

-£14.8 bn
-118km

160
Q

What are the positives of crossrail?

A

-improve journey times across London, easing congestion
-brings 1.5 million people within 45 mins of London
-200 mil passengers expected to use ot

161
Q

Why is there a North-South divide?

A

-in the Industrial Revolution, industries in the north (Sheffield and Manchester) thrived
-these industries have deteriorated since 1970s
-London/South-East developed due to growing service sector

162
Q

What are some regional strategies to reduce the North-South divide?

A

-Foreign investment has been encouraged in the North (eg Nissan in Tyne and Wear)
-in 2015 the government launched a strategy for a Northern Powerhouse to help balance wealth by developing northern cities and rural areas
-money has been invested into transport (HS2, L2, upgrade of the M62)

163
Q

When were local enterprise partnerships established?

A

2011

164
Q

How many local enterprise partnerships are there in the UK?

A

39

165
Q

What is a local enterprise partnership?

A

-voluntary partnership between local authorities and businesses
-aim to identify businesses needs in local areas and encourage companies to invest
-jobs will be created boosting the economy

166
Q

What is the aim of enterprise zones?

A

To encourage the establishment of new businesses and new jobs in an area with no pre-existing businesses

167
Q

How does the government support the businesses set up in enterprise zones?

A

-ensuring the provision of super fast broadband
-financial allowances for machinery
-simpler planning regulations to speed up establishment of new business

168
Q

How does trade link the UK to the wider world?

A

-most important trade links are with the EU
-USA is an important historic trading partner
-recent growth in trade with China

169
Q

What is the UKS main cultural export? Who is the main market? How much does it make?

A

-Television
-main markets are English-speaking countries like USA, Australia and New Zealand (however Chinese market is expanding)
-international sales of UK TV has quadrupled since 2004
-most successful exports: Downton Abbey, Dr Who, Sherlock

170
Q

List all of the UKS cultural imports and where they’re from?

A

-Food (Chinese, Thai, Indian)
-music (America, Africa)
-films (Bollywood)
-fashion (France, Italy)
-festivals (Notting hill)

171
Q

Give some examples of major transport links between the UK and the wider world?

A

-London Heathrow is one of the worlds busiest airports
-links between UK and mainland Europe through channel tunnel
-Southampton is a major port for cruise liners taking people to Mediterranean or Caribbean

172
Q

Give examples of how Electronic communication links the UK to the wider world?

A

-99% of all internet traffic passes through a network of submarine, high-power cables - the UK is a focus for these cables
-a project known as Artic Fibre will lay cables between London and Tokyo via the Northwest passage over 15000 km linking Europe and Asia (completed 2016)

173
Q

UK in the wider world: How has the EU affected the UK?

A

-there are EU laws for crime, pollution and consumer rights - UK companies may find this restrictive
-high unemployment in poor European countries meant that in 2013 40% of UK immigrants were from the EU
-financial support for farmers - £18 mil was made available for dairy farmers in England and Wales

174
Q

Give some arguments against Brexit?

A

-loss of trade opportunities with the EU
-loss of immigration (workforce)
-people saved loads of money of lower priced goods from the EU
-jobs linked to EU at risk

175
Q

Give an example of intermediate technology?

A

Hippo Rollers (drums full of water rolled along the floor - make water collection easier and more effective)

176
Q

Give one specific example of aid resulting in positive change in Nigeria

A

-World Bank and ActionAid funded and carried out a project to build a health clinic in Aduwan - a community who didn’t used to have a clinic
-it immunising children against polio
-tests for HIV among other things

GCSE Geography (17 decks)

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