climate change

Question 1

The earth was warmer than it is now in the ……… period that lasted ….. million years

Answer 1

• Neogene
• 21.4

Question 2

How does plant pollen analysis show evidence of climate change?

Answer 2

-plant pollen can be preserved in sediment
-comparing this preserved pollen with modern day pollen can indicate differences in climate

Question 3

How do ice cores provide evidence for climate change?

Answer 3

-ice cores are extracted by drilling into ice
-by looking at the levels of gasses in each layer of ice we can see what the temperature and climate was hundreds of years ago

Question 4

how can pollen be proof of climate change?

Answer 4

-plant pollen can be preserved in sediment
-comparing plant pollen from sediment and from now can show what differences in climate have taken place

Question 5

why is volcanic activity a cause of climate change?

Answer 5

-particles can reflect the sun’s radiation and cool earth down (volcanic winter)
-eruptions can also release C02 which contributes to climate change

Question 6

why is there some doubt around volcanic eruptions being part of climate change?

Answer 6

-volcanic winters cool the earth down which is not contributing to the pattern of warming
-volcanoes dont produce enough C02 to explain 150 years of global warming

Question 7

why is changes in the earth’s orbit a cause of climate change?

Answer 7

-the earths orbit around the sun changes from circular to elliptical and back over 96,000 years (Milankovitch cycles)
-when the earth is closer to the sun more of its radiation hits the earth

Question 8

why is solar output variation a potential cause of climate change?

Answer 8

-the suns output energy changes in cycles
-a period of high output could increase the earths tempreature

Question 9

why do scientists disagree with solar output variation as a cause of climate change?

Answer 9

it cant explain recent global warming

Question 10

how does deforestation impact climate change?

Answer 10

-deforestation means there are less trees to take in carbon dioxide
-C02 is also released when trees are burned

Question 11

how does farming contribute to climate change?

Answer 11

-the digestive system of cows produces a lot of methane which is a greenhouse gas
-rice paddies emit lots of methane

Question 12

how does burning fossil fuels contribute to global warming?

Answer 12

it releases C02

Question 13

how does cement production lead to climate change?

Answer 13

-limestone - a carbon based compound, is the starting material for making cement
-the carbon is released when the cement is made

Question 14

what was agreed in the Paris agreement of 2015?

Answer 14

-agreed to limit the impact of climate change
-by 2100 current policies expect 2.8-3.2 degrees celcius of heating
-4.8 degrees is the worst case scenario

Question 15

what are rising sea temperatures causing?

Answer 15

-bleaching of sensitive corals
-also leads to more cyclones and more severe cyclones

Question 16

what is melting ice causing?

Answer 16

-sea level rise which could flood coatal habitats and lose biodiversity
-affects the survival of animals at both poles

Question 17

how is global warming affecting precipitation?

Answer 17

its affecting the amount of rain that areas get and the times of year that they get it

Question 18

why is the changing distribution of species a problem?

Answer 18

-due to global warming, malaria-carrying mosquitoes can live in more and more countries in the world

Question 19

how is climate change reducing biodiversity?

Answer 19

-animals cannot adapt and evolve to suit this rapid warming quick enough
-habitats being destroyed

Question 20

what are the risks of climate change for humans?

Answer 20

-more deaths due to heat exhaustion
-problems with water sources
-lower crop yields
-extreme weather
-flooding

Question 21

how is carbon capture and storage a way of mitigating climate change?

Answer 21

-carbon dioxide is captured before it is emitted into the atmosphere
-then its transported underground for safe storage

Question 22

how does planting trees mitigate climate change?

Answer 22

-more photosynthesis = less C02 in atmosphere

Question 23

how do international agreements help to mitigate climate change? give an example

Answer 23

-one country changing its behaviour is not enough
-the Paris Agreement of 2015 tried to co-ordinate countries attempts to reduce emmisions

Question 24

how does alternative energy production help to mitigate climate change?

Answer 24

-nuclear and renewable energy sources are more environmentally friendly and produce less C02 than fossil fuels

Question 25

how does changing agricultural systems allow us to adapt to climate change?

Answer 25

-different precipitation patterns and temperatures means that different regions need to grow different crops
-some businesses are trying to grow crops inside using vertical farming
-developing meat substitutes
-biotechnology is helping us create more resistant or more nutritious foods

Question 26

how can we manage our water supply to adapt to climate change?

Answer 26

-dry areas are being made even drier
-this means that water needs to be stored and used more efficiently
-capturing rainwater
-more efficient taps
-using water metres

Question 27

how can we cope with rising sea levels?

Answer 27

-New York, London and Shanghai could be flooded by 2100
-flood defences like the Thames Barrier could be designed
-building houses on stilts or on hillsides could be an affordable approach

Question 28

give 3 reasons that Philip launched the Spanish Armada?

Answer 28

1. when mary tudor died, he tried to arrange a marriage with Elizabeth but she rejected him
2. elizabeth’s religious settlement set up a protestant church which concerned him. he wanted to make england catholic again
3. the execution of mary queen of scots was the last straw

Question 29

why was Philip reluctant to ruin relations with england?

Answer 29

the english channel was the most convenient trade route

Question 30

Your rubbish at Geography

Answer 30

Real