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Flight Insight/Checkride Prep > Weather > Flashcards

Weather Flashcards

1
Q

What type of weather is commonly associated with low-pressure areas?

A

Increasing cloudiness and precipitation.

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2
Q

How does air flow in relation to a low-pressure area?

A

Air flows into a low-pressure area to replace rising air.

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3
Q

What is a trough in relation to weather systems?

A

An elongated area of relatively low atmospheric pressure.

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4
Q

What is the standard atmospheric pressure lapse rate?

A

Pressure decreases by approximately 1 “Hg per 1,000 feet of altitude gain up to 10,000 feet.

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5
Q

What should pilots consider during approach and landing with ice on the airframe?

A

Carefully deploy flaps/slats in stages, monitor aircraft behavior, and increase approach airspeed by at least 25%.

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6
Q

Where can pilots find information regarding freezing levels?

A

AIRMET ZULU, GFA, Significant Weather Prognostic Chart, Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast, Freezing Level Forecast Graphic.

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7
Q

How does frost affect an airfoil’s performance?

A

Frost can reduce lift by 30% and increase drag by up to 40%.

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of clear ice?

A

Glossy, clear ice formed by slow freezing of supercooled water drops.

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of rime ice?

A

Rough, milky, opaque ice formed by rapid freezing of supercooled drops.

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of mixed ice?

A

A combination of clear and rime ice, often with a cloudy appearance.

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11
Q

What is roll upset and why may it occur in icing conditions?

A

Roll upset is uncommanded roll due to severe icing causing airflow separation and loss of roll control.

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12
Q

Why can’t you fly with frost on the airplane in the morning?

A

Frost reduces lift and increases drag, affecting takeoff performance.

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13
Q

What conditions are associated with a passing cold front?

A

Towering cumulus clouds, heavy rain, poor visibility, gusty winds, temperature and pressure drop.

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14
Q

How does structural icing occur on an aircraft?

A

Structural icing occurs when supercooled water droplets strike the airframe and freeze.

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15
Q

What three conditions are required for thunderstorms to develop?

A

Water vapor, unstable air, and a lifting source.

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16
Q

What are PIREPs and what information do they contain?

A

PIREPs are pilot reports of en route weather, including location, time, flight level, aircraft type, and one weather element.

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17
Q

What is the primary danger of flying under the anvil of a thunderstorm?

A

Potential for severe clear air turbulence.

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18
Q

How far should you stay from thunderstorms to avoid turbulence?

A

Up to 20 miles from severe thunderstorms; 10 miles from less severe storms.

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19
Q

What is tailplane icing and what precautions should be taken?

A

Ice on the tailplane can cause a nose-down pitch; consider a no-flap landing.

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20
Q

What are good methods for removing frost from an airplane?

A

Placing the aircraft in a heated hangar or using freezing-point depressant fluids.

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21
Q

What are the aerodynamic hazards of structural icing?

A

Ice reduces lift, alters airfoil shape, blocks control surfaces, and can cause roll upset.

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22
Q

What are the first areas to check for ice accumulation on an aircraft?

A

Small or narrow objects like probes or the tailplane accumulate ice first.

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23
Q

When does frost typically form on an aircraft?

A

Frost forms on clear nights when the aircraft’s skin temperature drops below freezing.

24
Q

How should datalink weather products (FIS-B) be used when flying in active weather?

A

For strategic weather decision-making, not for tactical weather avoidance.

25
Q

What criteria make a PIREP urgent (UUA)?

A

Tornadoes, severe turbulence, severe icing, hail, LLWS, volcanic ash, or hazardous weather phenomena.

26
Q

What are the four levels of icing severity in a PIREP?

A

Trace, Light, Moderate, Severe.

27
Q

What actions should you take if you inadvertently fly into a thunderstorm?

A

Tighten seatbelts, adjust altitude, activate pitot heat, set turbulence penetration speed, and monitor airborne radar.

28
Q

What are SIGMETs and why are they issued?

A

SIGMETs are issued for severe turbulence, severe icing, widespread dust/sandstorms, and volcanic ash.

29
Q

What are convective SIGMETs and why are they issued?

A

Convective SIGMETs are issued for thunderstorms, tornadoes, large hail, and wind gusts ≥ 50 knots.

30
Q

What defines VFR, MVFR, IFR, and LIFR conditions?

A

VFR: Ceiling >3,000 ft, visibility >5 miles. MVFR: 1,000-3,000 ft, visibility 3-5 miles. IFR: 500-1,000 ft, visibility 1-3 miles. LIFR: <500 ft, visibility <1 mile.

31
Q

What are the three stages of a thunderstorm?

A

Cumulus, Mature, Dissipating.

32
Q

What weather conditions are associated with an occluded front?

A

Embedded thunderstorms, rain, and fog as cold front overtakes a warm front.

33
Q

What does it mean when an airmass is stable?

A

A stable airmass resists upward displacement.

34
Q

What information is available from a Surface Analysis Chart?

A

It shows pressure systems, fronts, winds, temperatures, and dew points.

35
Q

What are the three types of AIRMETs and why are they issued?

A

AIRMET Sierra: IFR/mountain obscurations; AIRMET Tango: turbulence/strong winds; AIRMET Zulu: moderate icing/freezing levels.

36
Q

What can be learned from the distance between isobars on a constant pressure chart?

A

Closely spaced isobars indicate strong winds; widely spaced isobars indicate lighter winds.

37
Q

How should you submit a PIREP in flight?

A

Submit PIREPs to the nearest ground facility such as FSS, ARTCC, or terminal ATC.

38
Q

How can a pilot prepare to avoid icing conditions?

A

Review freezing levels, PIREPs, AIRMETs, SIGMETs, and monitor OAT frequently during flight.

39
Q

Which weather reports provide cloud layers in AGL and which in MSL?

A

METARs and TAFs report in AGL; PIREPs and GFA report in MSL.

40
Q

What weather is associated with high-pressure systems?

A

High-pressure systems bring dry, descending air and generally favorable weather.

41
Q

What kind of weather can you expect with a low temperature-dewpoint spread?

A

Visible moisture, such as clouds, fog, or dew.

42
Q

What is a microburst and what would a pilot experience flying through one?

A

A microburst is an intense downdraft causing wind shear. A pilot would first experience increased performance, then a downdraft, followed by a strong tailwind.

43
Q

What actions should you take if you inadvertently fly into icing conditions?

A

Exit visible moisture by descending, climbing, or changing course, and report icing to ATC.

44
Q

Under what meteorological conditions is airframe icing most likely to occur?

A

Icing is most likely in visible precipitation with temperatures between +2°C and -10°C.

45
Q

What is the dew point and why is it important to pilots?

A

Dew point is the temperature at which air becomes fully saturated, leading to fog, clouds, or precipitation.

46
Q

What is a ridge in relation to weather systems?

A

An elongated area of relatively high atmospheric pressure.

47
Q

What are the methods for obtaining a preflight weather briefing?

A

Flight Service, mobile apps, or the Aviation Weather Center website.

48
Q

What conditions are associated with a stationary front?

A

A mixture of warm and cold front weather that can persist for days.

49
Q

What conditions are associated with a warm front?

A

Stratiform clouds, drizzle, poor visibility, rising temperatures, and variable winds.

50
Q

What are the three types of weather briefings?

A

Standard, Abbreviated, and Outlook briefings.

51
Q

What is wind shear and where is it most likely encountered?

A

A sudden change in windspeed/direction, most dangerous at low altitudes and near thunderstorms or frontal systems.

52
Q

How does airflow behave around high and low pressure systems in the Northern Hemisphere?

A

High pressure: clockwise and outward; Low pressure: counterclockwise and inward.

53
Q

What are the differences between a stable and an unstable atmosphere?

A

Stable atmosphere resists vertical motion; unstable atmosphere encourages vertical air movements and turbulence.

54
Q

What is the phone number for Flight Service (FSS)?

A

1–800–992–7433 (1-800-WX-BRIEF).

55
Q

How should a pilot report a wind shear encounter?

A

Report the airspeed loss or gain and the altitudes at which it was encountered to ATC.

Flight Insight/Checkride Prep (25 decks)

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