CH. 1 - Fundamentals Of IFR Flashcards

1
Q

When is an instrument rating required for a pilot to operate as PIC of a civil aircraft?

A

When on an IFR flight plan, in weather conditions less than VFR minimums, or in Class A airspace.

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2
Q

What must an instrument rating be specific to in order to operate as PIC?

A

The category and class of aircraft flown.

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3
Q

What is required for a commercial pilot to carry passengers for hire at night or over 50 NM?

A

An instrument rating in the same category and class of aircraft.

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4
Q

What recent flight experience is required to act as PIC under IFR?

A

6 instrument approaches, holding procedures, and intercepting/tracking courses within the last 6 months.

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5
Q

What is required if an instrument pilot hasn’t met recent flight experience within 12 months?

A

They must pass an instrument proficiency check.

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6
Q

What conditions must be met for logging instrument time?

A

The pilot must be controlling the aircraft solely by reference to flight instruments in actual or simulated instrument conditions.

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7
Q

What must be logged when flying with a safety pilot in simulated instrument conditions?

A

The location and type of each instrument approach, and the name of the safety pilot.

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8
Q

What additional equipment is required for IFR flight beyond VFR day and night requirements?

A

Generator/alternator, radios, sensitive altimeter, inclinometer, clock, attitude indicator, rate of turn indicator, directional gyro.

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9
Q

How often must the static pressure system and altimeter be inspected under IFR?

A

Every 24 calendar months.

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10
Q

How often must VOR operational checks be made for IFR navigation?

A

Every 30 days.

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11
Q

What is the maximum allowable tolerance for a dual VOR check during an operational check?

A

±4° variation.

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12
Q

What is the maximum allowable tolerance for a ground-based VOT check during a VOR operational check?

A

±4° variation.

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13
Q

What is the maximum allowable tolerance for an airborne checkpoint during a VOR operational check?

A

±6° variation.

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14
Q

What details must be recorded after a VOR operational check?

A

The date, place, bearing error, and pilot signature.

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15
Q

Which flight instruments rely on the static system for air pressure?

A

The airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator (VSI) and altimeter.

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16
Q

Which flight instrument relies on both the pitot and static systems?

A

The airspeed indicator.

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17
Q

What happens to the airspeed indicator when both the pitot tube and drain hole are blocked?

A

It acts as an altimeter.

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18
Q

How does the airspeed indicator behave when only the front of the pitot tube is blocked?

A

It reads zero.

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19
Q

How can calibrated airspeed (CAS) be determined?

By using ____________ airspeed, ___________ _____________, and outside _____________ ______________temperature with a flight computer.

A

**By using true airspeed, pressure altitude, and outside air temperature with a flight computer.

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20
Q

How does the altimeter determine altitude?

By measuring the difference between ____________ _____________ pressure and _____________ ______________ pressure.

A

By measuring the difference between sea level pressure and outside air pressure.

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21
Q

What is the approximate altitude change for a 1-inch change in altimeter setting?

A

Roughly 1,000 feet.

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22
Q

What should the altimeter be set to above FL180?

A

Standard pressure of 29.92”Hg.

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23
Q

What does the turn coordinator indicate?

A

The rate of roll and rate of turn.

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24
Q

How is bank angle indirectly indicated on the turn coordinator?
By the movement of the _____________ _____________, which shows a turn based on the _____________ of _____________.

A

By the movement of the miniature airplane, which shows a turn based on the rate of turn.

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25
Q

What system supplies attitude and heading information in glass cockpits?

A

The Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS).

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26
Q

Which system generates airspeed, altitude, and vertical speed in glass cockpits?

A

The Air Data Computer (ADC).

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27
Q

What is actual altitude?

Height above _____________ _____________ (_____________).

A

Height above ground level (AGL).

28
Q

What is true altitude?

A

Height above mean sea level (MSL).

29
Q

What is indicated altitude?

A

True altitude as indicated on the altimeter.

30
Q

How does the altimeter display indicated altitude?

By comparing _____________ _____________ pressure to the _____________ _____________ pressure set in the _____________ window.

A

By comparing outside air pressure to the sea level pressure set in the Kollsman window.

31
Q

How does temperature affect altimeter readings?
In warmer temperatures, the altimeter reads a _____________altitude than _____________ altitude due to expanded _____________ columns.

A

In warmer temperatures, the altimeter reads a lower altitude than true altitude due to expanded air columns.

32
Q

What is pressure altitude?

A

True altitude corrected for nonstandard pressure.

33
Q

How can pressure altitude be determined using an altimeter?

A

Set the altimeter to 29.92” Hg.

34
Q

What is density altitude?

A

Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature.

35
Q

What happens to density altitude when temperatures are hotter than standard?

Density altitude is ____________ than ______________ altitude.

A

Density altitude is higher than pressure altitude.

36
Q

What is true airspeed?

A

The actual speed the aircraft moves through the air.

37
Q

What is indicated airspeed?

A

The speed shown on the airspeed indicator.

38
Q

How is indicated airspeed determined?
By ______________ differentials in the ____________ and ____________ systems.

A

By pressure differentials in the pitot and static systems.

39
Q

What is calibrated airspeed?
_____________ airspeed corrected for _____________ and _____________ errors.

A

Indicated airspeed corrected for installation and instrument errors.

40
Q

Which instruments are used for pitch control during attitude instrument flying?

A

Attitude Indicator, Altimeter, Airspeed Indicator, and VSI.

41
Q

Which instruments are used for bank control during attitude instrument flying?

A

Attitude Indicator, Heading Indicator, Turn Coordinator, and Magnetic Compass.

42
Q

Which instruments are used for power control during attitude instrument flying?

A

Manifold Pressure Gauge, Tachometer, and Airspeed Indicator.

43
Q

What is the primary pitch instrument for straight and level flight?

A

Altimeter.

44
Q

What is the primary bank instrument for straight and level flight?

A

Heading Indicator.

45
Q

What is the primary power instrument for straight and level flight?

A

Airspeed Indicator.

46
Q

During a change in airspeed in straight and level flight, what is the primary pitch instrument?

A

Altimeter.

47
Q

What is the primary bank instrument when establishing a level standard rate turn?

A

Attitude Indicator.

48
Q

What is the primary pitch instrument during a stabilized standard rate turn?

A

Altimeter.

49
Q

What is the primary bank instrument during a stabilized standard rate turn?

A

Turn Coordinator.

50
Q

What is a coordinated turn in terms of the inclinometer ball’s position?

A

The ball will be centered.

51
Q

Where is the ball located on the inclinometer during a skid?

A

On the outside of the turn.

52
Q

Where is the ball located on the inclinometer during a slip?

A

On the inside of the turn.

53
Q

What is the compass acceleration error in the Northern Hemisphere when accelerating on an east or west heading?

The compass shows a turn toward the ______________.

A

The compass shows a turn toward the north.

54
Q

What is the compass deceleration error in the Northern Hemisphere when decelerating on an east or west heading?

A

The compass shows a turn toward the south.

55
Q

What is the memory aid for compass acceleration and deceleration error?

A

ANDS: Accelerate North, Decelerate South.

56
Q

What is the memory aid for compass turning error when turning from a north or south heading?

A

UNOS: Undershoot North, Overshoot South.

57
Q

How does the compass behave when turning from a north heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

It initially shows a turn in the _____________ direction and _______________ the turn.

A

It initially shows a turn in the opposite direction and lags the turn.

58
Q

How does the compass behave when turning from a south heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

It shows a ____________ degree turn in the same direction and _______________ the turn.

A

It shows a greater degree turn in the same direction and leads the turn.

59
Q

When does the compass not exhibit turning errors?

A

When turning through an east or west heading.

60
Q

Under what condition does the compass not exhibit turning errors during a turn?

When the turn is not accompanied by a ____________.

A

When the turn is not accompanied by a bank.

61
Q

What do the hash marks on a turn coordinator indicate?

A

A standard rate of turn, equal to 360 degrees in 2 minutes.

62
Q

How does airspeed affect the angle of bank required for a standard rate turn?

A

The faster the airspeed, the greater the angle of bank required.

63
Q

Which instruments run off the vacuum system?

A

The heading indicator and attitude indicator.

64
Q

Which instrument runs off the electrical system?

A

The turn coordinator.

65
Q

Which instruments rely on the pitot-static system?

A

The airspeed indicator (pitot-static) and the altimeter and VSI (static only).

66
Q

What steps should be taken when an instrument failure occurs?

C
I
D
F

A

Conflicting Instruments
Identify Failed System
Diagnose
Fly partial panel