CH. 4 – En Route Navigation

Question 1

What are the altitude boundaries of Class A airspace?

Answer 1

18,000’ MSL to FL600.

Question 2

What type of operations are permitted in Class A airspace?

Answer 2

IFR only unless otherwise authorized.

Question 3

What is the typical altitude range of Class B airspace?

Answer 3

Surface up to 10,000’ MSL.

Question 4

What equipment is required to enter Class B airspace?

Answer 4

Two-way radio, Mode-C transponder, and ADS-B Out.

Question 5

What is the typical shape of Class B airspace?

Answer 5

Surface area with two or more layers resembling an upside-down wedding cake.

Question 6

What communication is required before entering Class B airspace?

Answer 6

ATC clearance to “Enter Class B”.

Question 7

What is the standard radius and altitude limit of the inner area of Class C airspace?

Answer 7

5 NM radius, up to 4,000’ above airport height.

Question 8

What is the standard radius and altitude limit of the shelf area in Class C airspace?

Answer 8

10 NM radius, from 1,200’ up to 4,000’ above airport height.

Question 9

What equipment is required in Class C airspace?

Answer 9

Two-way radio, Mode-C transponder, and ADS-B Out.

Question 10

What is the typical shape and altitude limit of Class D airspace?

Answer 10

Cylinder with a 4 NM radius, surface to 2,500’ above airport height.

Question 11

What defines Class E airspace?

Answer 11

Controlled airspace not designated as A, B, C, or D.

Question 12

What are the altitude and location requirements for Mode-C transponder and ADS-B Out in Class E airspace?
At and above ________’ MSL within the contiguous ________ states and ______, excluding at or below _______’ AGL.

Answer 12

At and above 10,000’ MSL within the contiguous 48 states and D.C, excluding at or below 2,500’ AGL.

Question 13

What airspace is generally considered Class G?

Answer 13

Uncontrolled airspace not designated as Class A, B, C, D, or E.

Question 14

What are the VFR visibility and cloud clearance requirements for Class E airspace below 10,000’ MSL?

Answer 14

3 SM visibility, 1000’ above, 500’ below, 2000’ horizontal (3152).

Question 15

What is the visibility and cloud clearance mnemonic for Class E airspace at or above 10,000’ MSL?

Answer 15

5 SM visibility, 1000’ above, 1000’ below, 1 SM horizontal (5111).

Question 16

What are the VFR visibility requirements for Class G airspace at or below 1,200’ AGL during the day?

Answer 16

1 SM visibility, clear of clouds.

Question 17

What are the VFR visibility and cloud clearance requirements for Class G airspace above 1,200’ AGL but below 10,000’ MSL during the day?

Answer 17

1 SM visibility, 1000’ above, 500’ below, 2000’ horizontal (1152).

Question 18

What visibility and cloud clearance requirements apply for Class G airspace at or below 1,200’ AGL during the night?

Answer 18

3 SM visibility, 1000’ above, 500’ below, 2000’ horizontal (3152).

Question 19

What is a Prohibited Area in airspace?

Answer 19

An area where flight is prohibited unless permission is granted by the controlling agency.

Question 20

What is an example of a Prohibited Area?

Answer 20

P-56A over the White House.

Question 21

What characterizes a Restricted Area in airspace?

Flight is subject to restrictions due to hazards like ____________ firing, ______________ gunnery, or guided ________________.

Answer 21

Flight is subject to restrictions due to hazards like artillery firing, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles.

Question 22

Under what condition can ATC allow flight in a Restricted Area?

Answer 22

If the restricted area is not active and has been released to the controlling agency (FAA).

Question 23

What is the purpose of a Warning Area?
To warn ______________ aircraft of potential ______________, typically extending ___ NM outward from the U.S. coast.

Answer 23

To warn nonparticipating aircraft of potential hazards, typically extending 3 NM outward from the U.S. coast.

Question 24

Where can Warning Areas be located?

Answer 24

On domestic or international waters, or both.

Question 25

What is a Military Operating Area (MOA)?
An area established to separate _____________ training activities from _____________ traffic.

Answer 25

An area established to separate military training activities from IFR traffic.

Question 26

What should VFR pilots do before entering an active MOA?

Answer 26

Contact the controlling agency for traffic advisories.

Question 27

What information do Alert Areas provide to pilots?

Answer 27

High volume of pilot training or unusual types of aerial activity.

Question 28

What happens in a Controlled Firing Area (CFA) if an aircraft approaches?
Activities are _______________ _______________ to prevent hazards to nonparticipating aircraft.

Answer 28

Activities are suspended immediately to prevent hazards to nonparticipating aircraft.

Question 29

Are Controlled Firing Areas (CFAs) charted on maps?

Answer 29

No, because they do not require nonparticipating aircraft to alter their flight paths.

Question 30

How are Military Training Routes (MTRs) with no segments above 1,500’ AGL identified?
By ________ digits.

Answer 30

By four digits, e.g., IR1206, VR1207.

Question 31

What are the requirements for operating in an Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ)?
An operable _______________ with _______________ encoding, _______________-way _______________ communication, and an ____ or Defense ____ flight plan.

Answer 31

An operable transponder with altitude encoding, two-way radio communication, and an IFR or Defense VFR flight plan.

Question 32

What are some reasons the FAA may establish a Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR)?

Answer 32

To protect persons or property, provide a safe environment for disaster relief or space operations, and protect public figures.

Question 33

What must pilots adhere to when operating in a Special Flight Rules Area (SFRA)?

Answer 33

Special air traffic rules outlined in 14 CFR Part 93.

Question 34

What is the maximum aircraft airspeed below 10,000’ MSL in the U.S.?

Answer 34

250 knots.

Question 35

What is the maximum aircraft airspeed under Class B airspace or within a VFR corridor through Class B?

Answer 35

200 knots.

Question 36

What is the maximum aircraft airspeed at or below 2,500’ within 4 NM of the primary airport in Class C or D airspace?

Answer 36

200 knots.

Question 37

What is the minimum IFR altitude in mountainous areas?

Answer 37

2,000 ft above the highest obstacle within 4 NM of the course.

Question 38

What is the minimum IFR altitude in non-mountainous areas?

Answer 38

1,000 ft above the highest obstacle within 4 NM of the course.

Question 39

What is the Decision Altitude/Height (DA/H) in IFR terms?

Answer 39

The altitude (MSL) or height (above runway threshold) at which a pilot must decide whether to continue the approach or go around.

Question 40

What does MAA stand for in IFR terminology?

Answer 40

Maximum Authorized Altitude.

Question 41

What is the Minimum Crossing Altitude (MCA) in IFR?

Answer 41

The lowest altitude at certain fixes that an aircraft must cross when flying towards a higher MEA.

Question 42

What is the Minimum Descent Altitude/Height (MDA/H) in IFR?
The lowest ____________ (MSL) or ____________ (above runway threshold) to which _______________ is authorized on a _______________-_______________ approach.

Answer 42

The lowest altitude (MSL) or height (above runway threshold) to which descent is authorized on a non-precision approach.

Question 43

What does MEA stand for, and what does it ensure?
____________ ____________ ____________; it ensures ____________ clearance and acceptable ____________ signal coverage.

Answer 43

Minimum Enroute Altitude; it ensures obstacle clearance and acceptable navigational signal coverage.

Question 44

What is the function of a MOCA in IFR flight?
____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ; it provides ____________ ____________ and ____________ coverage up to ___ NM from the VOR.

Answer 44

Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude; it provides obstacle clearance and navigation coverage up to 22 NM from the VOR.

Question 45

What is a Route MORA and what does it provide?
____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ; it provides ____________ ____________ within ___ NM of airway centerlines.

Answer 45

Minimum Off Route Altitude; it provides obstruction clearance within 10 NM of airway centerlines.

Question 46

What is the Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA) in IFR?
The lowest ____________ on an ____________ segment where an ____________ can be determined using ____________ navigational aids.

Answer 46

The lowest altitude on an airway segment where an intersection can be determined using radio navigational aids.

Question 47

What is the purpose of a Minimum Turning Altitude (MTA) in IFR?
Provides ____________ and ____________ ____________ clearance in turns over certain ____________ .

Answer 47

Provides vertical and lateral obstacle clearance in turns over certain fixes.

Question 48

What is the Minimum Vectoring Altitude (MVA) in IFR?
The lowest ____________ at which an ____________ aircraft will be ____________ by a radar controller.

Answer 48

The lowest altitude at which an IFR aircraft will be vectored by a radar controller.

Question 49

What is an Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude (OROCA) in IFR?

Answer 49

Provides obstruction clearance with a 1,000 ft buffer in non-mountainous terrain and 2,000 ft in mountainous areas.

Question 50

What does a cruise clearance allow a pilot to do?
_____________ and _____________ freely within the assigned block of airspace and begin an _____________ without additional clearance.

Answer 50

Climb and descend freely within the assigned block of airspace and begin an approach without additional clearance.

Question 51

What does “Maintain block altitude 9 to 11 thousand” mean in IFR?
The aircraft is cleared to _____________ between 9,000 ft and 11,000 ft.

Answer 51

The aircraft is cleared to operate between 9,000 ft and 11,000 ft.