CH. 4 – En Route Navigation Flashcards
What are the altitude boundaries of Class A airspace?
18,000’ MSL to FL600.
What type of operations are permitted in Class A airspace?
IFR only unless otherwise authorized.
What is the typical altitude range of Class B airspace?
Surface up to 10,000’ MSL.
What equipment is required to enter Class B airspace?
Two-way radio, Mode-C transponder, and ADS-B Out.
What is the typical shape of Class B airspace?
Surface area with two or more layers resembling an upside-down wedding cake.
What communication is required before entering Class B airspace?
ATC clearance to “Enter Class B”.
What is the standard radius and altitude limit of the inner area of Class C airspace?
5 NM radius, up to 4,000’ above airport height.
What is the standard radius and altitude limit of the shelf area in Class C airspace?
10 NM radius, from 1,200’ up to 4,000’ above airport height.
What equipment is required in Class C airspace?
Two-way radio, Mode-C transponder, and ADS-B Out.
What is the typical shape and altitude limit of Class D airspace?
Cylinder with a 4 NM radius, surface to 2,500’ above airport height.
What defines Class E airspace?
Controlled airspace not designated as A, B, C, or D.
What are the altitude and location requirements for Mode-C transponder and ADS-B Out in Class E airspace?
At and above ________’ MSL within the contiguous ________ states and ______, excluding at or below _______’ AGL.
At and above 10,000’ MSL within the contiguous 48 states and D.C, excluding at or below 2,500’ AGL.
What airspace is generally considered Class G?
Uncontrolled airspace not designated as Class A, B, C, D, or E.
What are the VFR visibility and cloud clearance requirements for Class E airspace below 10,000’ MSL?
3 SM visibility, 1000’ above, 500’ below, 2000’ horizontal (3152).
What is the visibility and cloud clearance mnemonic for Class E airspace at or above 10,000’ MSL?
5 SM visibility, 1000’ above, 1000’ below, 1 SM horizontal (5111).
What are the VFR visibility requirements for Class G airspace at or below 1,200’ AGL during the day?
1 SM visibility, clear of clouds.
What are the VFR visibility and cloud clearance requirements for Class G airspace above 1,200’ AGL but below 10,000’ MSL during the day?
1 SM visibility, 1000’ above, 500’ below, 2000’ horizontal (1152).
What visibility and cloud clearance requirements apply for Class G airspace at or below 1,200’ AGL during the night?
3 SM visibility, 1000’ above, 500’ below, 2000’ horizontal (3152).
What is a Prohibited Area in airspace?
An area where flight is prohibited unless permission is granted by the controlling agency.
What is an example of a Prohibited Area?
P-56A over the White House.
What characterizes a Restricted Area in airspace?
Flight is subject to restrictions due to hazards like ____________ firing, ______________ gunnery, or guided ________________.
Flight is subject to restrictions due to hazards like artillery firing, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles.
Under what condition can ATC allow flight in a Restricted Area?
If the restricted area is not active and has been released to the controlling agency (FAA).
What is the purpose of a Warning Area?
To warn ______________ aircraft of potential ______________, typically extending ___ NM outward from the U.S. coast.
To warn nonparticipating aircraft of potential hazards, typically extending 3 NM outward from the U.S. coast.
Where can Warning Areas be located?
On domestic or international waters, or both.
What is a Military Operating Area (MOA)?
An area established to separate _____________ training activities from _____________ traffic.
An area established to separate military training activities from IFR traffic.
What should VFR pilots do before entering an active MOA?
Contact the controlling agency for traffic advisories.
What information do Alert Areas provide to pilots?
High volume of pilot training or unusual types of aerial activity.
What happens in a Controlled Firing Area (CFA) if an aircraft approaches?
Activities are _______________ _______________ to prevent hazards to nonparticipating aircraft.
Activities are suspended immediately to prevent hazards to nonparticipating aircraft.
Are Controlled Firing Areas (CFAs) charted on maps?
No, because they do not require nonparticipating aircraft to alter their flight paths.
How are Military Training Routes (MTRs) with no segments above 1,500’ AGL identified?
By ________ digits.
By four digits, e.g., IR1206, VR1207.
What are the requirements for operating in an Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ)?
An operable _______________ with _______________ encoding, _______________-way _______________ communication, and an ____ or Defense ____ flight plan.
An operable transponder with altitude encoding, two-way radio communication, and an IFR or Defense VFR flight plan.
What are some reasons the FAA may establish a Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR)?
To protect persons or property, provide a safe environment for disaster relief or space operations, and protect public figures.
What must pilots adhere to when operating in a Special Flight Rules Area (SFRA)?
Special air traffic rules outlined in 14 CFR Part 93.
What is the maximum aircraft airspeed below 10,000’ MSL in the U.S.?
250 knots.
What is the maximum aircraft airspeed under Class B airspace or within a VFR corridor through Class B?
200 knots.
What is the maximum aircraft airspeed at or below 2,500’ within 4 NM of the primary airport in Class C or D airspace?
200 knots.
What is the minimum IFR altitude in mountainous areas?
2,000 ft above the highest obstacle within 4 NM of the course.
What is the minimum IFR altitude in non-mountainous areas?
1,000 ft above the highest obstacle within 4 NM of the course.
What is the Decision Altitude/Height (DA/H) in IFR terms?
The altitude (MSL) or height (above runway threshold) at which a pilot must decide whether to continue the approach or go around.
What does MAA stand for in IFR terminology?
Maximum Authorized Altitude.
What is the Minimum Crossing Altitude (MCA) in IFR?
The lowest altitude at certain fixes that an aircraft must cross when flying towards a higher MEA.
What is the Minimum Descent Altitude/Height (MDA/H) in IFR?
The lowest ____________ (MSL) or ____________ (above runway threshold) to which _______________ is authorized on a _______________-_______________ approach.
The lowest altitude (MSL) or height (above runway threshold) to which descent is authorized on a non-precision approach.
What does MEA stand for, and what does it ensure?
____________ ____________ ____________; it ensures ____________ clearance and acceptable ____________ signal coverage.
Minimum Enroute Altitude; it ensures obstacle clearance and acceptable navigational signal coverage.
What is the function of a MOCA in IFR flight?
____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ; it provides ____________ ____________ and ____________ coverage up to ___ NM from the VOR.
Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude; it provides obstacle clearance and navigation coverage up to 22 NM from the VOR.
What is a Route MORA and what does it provide?
____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ; it provides ____________ ____________ within ___ NM of airway centerlines.
Minimum Off Route Altitude; it provides obstruction clearance within 10 NM of airway centerlines.
What is the Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA) in IFR?
The lowest ____________ on an ____________ segment where an ____________ can be determined using ____________ navigational aids.
The lowest altitude on an airway segment where an intersection can be determined using radio navigational aids.
What is the purpose of a Minimum Turning Altitude (MTA) in IFR?
Provides ____________ and ____________ ____________ clearance in turns over certain ____________ .
Provides vertical and lateral obstacle clearance in turns over certain fixes.
What is the Minimum Vectoring Altitude (MVA) in IFR?
The lowest ____________ at which an ____________ aircraft will be ____________ by a radar controller.
The lowest altitude at which an IFR aircraft will be vectored by a radar controller.
What is an Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude (OROCA) in IFR?
Provides obstruction clearance with a 1,000 ft buffer in non-mountainous terrain and 2,000 ft in mountainous areas.
What does a cruise clearance allow a pilot to do?
_____________ and _____________ freely within the assigned block of airspace and begin an _____________ without additional clearance.
Climb and descend freely within the assigned block of airspace and begin an approach without additional clearance.
What does “Maintain block altitude 9 to 11 thousand” mean in IFR?
The aircraft is cleared to _____________ between 9,000 ft and 11,000 ft.
The aircraft is cleared to operate between 9,000 ft and 11,000 ft.
