Weakness, Numbness, Gait, Neuropathy, Vertigo

Question 1

What can cause weakness

Answer 1

meds
neurological diseases
myopathies
infections

Question 2

What is weakness

Answer 2

inability to perform first repetition of task

Question 3

What is fatigue

Answer 3

inability to continue performing task

Question 4

What is asthenia

Answer 4

sense of weariness or exhaustion

Question 5

What are signs of UMN lesion

Answer 5

weakness

spasticity

Question 6

What are signs of LMN lesion

Answer 6

weakness
flaccidity
atrophy

Question 7

What are regions of the nervous system that are responsible for symptoms

Answer 7

Cerebral cortex
UMN (corticospinal)
LMN (anterior horns)
peripheral
neuromuscular junction
muscle

Question 8

UMN summary

Answer 8

Def: originate in motor cortex of cerebrum

• corticospinal
• corticobulbar (brain stem)

Causes:
brain (stroke, tumor)
Spinal cord (trauma, infection, tumor, demyelinating dsx)

SS:
spastic paralysis (UMN can't override reflex arc)
hyperreflexia
babinski reflex
clonus

Question 9

LMN summary

Answer 9

Def: originate in brainstem and spinal cord
- anterior horn

Causes:
Lead poisioning
poliomyelitis
West Nile
ALS
spinal muscular atrophy

SS:
flaccid paralysis
significant, fast atrophy
fasciculations and fibrillations
hyporeflexia

Question 10

Muscular Dystrophy summary

Answer 10

Def: progressive muscle weakness and atrophy in predictable patterns
Inherited disorder
Multiple types
- Duchenne
- Becker
- Emery-Dreifuss
- Myotonic Dystrophy
Involvement of other systems

Question 11

Myasthenia Gravis summary

Answer 11

Autoimmune disorder
affects neuromuscular junction
weakness and fatigue
ocular, bulbar, limb, respiratory muscles

Question 12

Guillan Barre summary

Answer 12

Def: immune response to myelin or axon
rapidly progressive polyneuropathy with weakness or paralysis
LE, resp muscles, facial, oropharyngeal

Question 13

ALS summary

Answer 13

UMN and LMN signs and symptoms

Motor neuron degeneration

Question 14

-myositis summary

Answer 14

idiopathic inflammatory myopathy

Question 15

Neuropathy causes

Answer 15

DM
alcoholism
HIV

Question 16

What are types of sensory change

Answer 16

Proprioception
Vibration
Touch
Temperature
Pain

Question 17

Vertigo vs dizziness

Answer 17

Vertigo:
rotation or rolling
Dizziness:
lightheaded/presyncope

Question 18

Central nerves summary

Answer 18

Def: central pathways and nuclei within brain

Types:
Cerebellar infarct
Brainstem ischemia
multiple sclerosis

SS:
Severe imbalance
nonauditory neurological symptoms common
longer duration
gradual onset

Question 19

Peripheral nerves summary

Answer 19

Def: inner ear CN VIII, vesibular nerve

Types:
Positional vertigo
meniere's dz
Vestibular Neuritis
Acoustic Neuroma

SS:
Imbalance mild/moderate
N/V
hearing loss and tinnitus
aggravated by change in position
fatigue of symptoms