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Z Clin Med II - Neuro > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What are right eye, left eye, both eyes

A

oculus dexter
oculus sinister
oculus unitas

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2
Q

What is visual acuity

A

distance normal person see object

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3
Q

When check visual acuity

A

before any testing to eye or adnexa is done

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4
Q

Emmetropia
myopia
hyperopia
astigmatism

A

perfect sight
near sighted
far sighted
light focuses at 2 points (MC refractive error)

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5
Q

What is adnexa

A 
lids
lacrimal system
- puncta
- canaliculi
- lacrimal sac
- nasolacrimal duct
extraocular muscles
- L6(SO4)3
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6
Q

What is anterior segment

A 
conjunctiva
cornea
anterior chamber and angle
sclera
iris and uveal tissue
crystalline lens
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7
Q

What is posterior segment

A

vitreous
optic nerve
retinal vessels
retina

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8
Q

tarsal plate
meibomian oil glands
elevate eyelid
close lid

A

under upper eyelid
posterior to eyelashes for oiling tears
levator palpebrae (CN III)
orbicularis (CN VII)

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9
Q

Blepharitis summary

A

Def: inflammation of lid margin
Cause: staph, seborrhea
Txt: lid scrubs, topical abx

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10
Q

Hordeolum summary

A 
Def: stye - painful pustule of meibomian gland
Cause: Staph
Txt: warm compresses
massage
self-limiting
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11
Q

Chalazion summary

A

Def: painless nodule of lid
Cause: lipogranulomatous inflammation of meibomian gland
Txt: warm compress

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12
Q

Ectropion
Entropion
Ptosis
Xanthelasma

A

eyelid turns out from eye
eyelid turns in to eye
drooping of lid
cholesterol deposits around medial canthal

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13
Q

Dacrocystitis summary

A

Def: inflammation and pain in tear ducts
Txt: Augmentin, ointment, I&D

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14
Q

Strabismus summary

A 
Def: misaligned eyes (lazy eye)
-PHORIA (fixation is interrupted)
-TROPIA (no interuption of fixation)
eso = inward
exo = outward
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15
Q

Ambylopia summary

A

Cause: eye turn (muscles are weak due to disuse)
vision loss at brain level
unilateral

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16
Q

Cornea summary

A 
nonvascular
layers
- epithelium
- bowman
- stroma
- Dua's
- Descemet's
- endothelium
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17
Q

Bacterial Conjunctivitis summary

A 
Def: pink eye (purulent drainage all day long)
Cause:bacterial
Txt: 
cleanse
abx
NO sulfa
18
Q

Scleritis summary

A

Def: deep injection blood vessels on sclera
SS: deep, severe pain to jaw or temple
Txt: NSAIDs
steroids

19
Q

Episcleritis summary

A

Def: acute onset of redness
SS: pain dull ache in eye
Txt: artificial tears

20
Q

glaucoma summary

A

2 types:
- acute angle closure (ocular emergency)
fixed mid-dilated pupils
- primary open angle (MC)

Once visual acuity lost will not get back

Optic disc changes due to pressure

Txt:
prostaglandins
BB
surgery

21
Q

pupil size control

A

sphincter (parasymp) = smaller

dilator (symp) = larger

22
Q

Pupils dx

A

Anisocoria = asymmetric sizes of pupils
RAPD = pupil not restrict due to direct light
Adie’s (tonic) pupil = no or sluggish response to light

23
Q

Horner’s syndrome summary

A

Def: loss sympathetic innervation

Cause:
brachial plexus injury
carotid artery dissection

SS:

  • ptosis
  • miosis (pupillary constriction)
  • anhidrosis (decreased sweating)
24
Q

Iris/Uveal dx

A

IRITIS = red ring around eye, pain, refer

25
Q

Cataract summary

A

Def: loss transparency lens
nuclear sclerosis MC

Cause: age
trauma
inflammation

SS:
blurry vision
worsening visual acuity
improved near vision
black/white with red reflex
26
Q

Vitreous Floaters

A

Asteroid Hyalosis = yellow/yellow-white, suspended, benign

Synchisis scintillans = sit bottom of eye

27
Q

Optic cup summary

A

cup/disk ratio >0.5 suspect for glaucoma

28
Q

Optic nerve pathology

A

papilledema = bilateral swelling of optic nerve head
CT
Papillitis=unilateral inflammation of optic nerve head
affect visual acuity

29
Q

pediculosis/phthiriasis summary

A 
lice
SS: extreme itching
Txt:
mechanical removal
ointment
tx partners
30
Q

Viral conjunctivitis summary

A 
MC
SS:
self-limiting
Itching
burning
watery discharge
Unilateral start
Txt:
warm/cool compresses
chilled eyedrops
steroids
31
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis summary

A

SS:
Itching

Txt:
remove causative agents
chilled lubricants
NSAIDs
MCS/antihistamine
32
Q

Chemical conjunctivitis summary

A 
Txt:
irrigation > 15 min
abx
NSAIDs
cycloplegics
33
Q

Mechanical conjunctivitis summary

A

Txt:
remove causative factor
abx
cycloplegics

34
Q

Bacterial ulcer summary

A

Txt:
Culture
FLQ aggressive
No steroids

35
Q

Cornea Burns summary

A 
SS:
delayed rxn 8 - 12 hrs
Txt:
abx cycloplegics
NSAIDs
36
Q

Cornea Foreign Body summary

A

determine metal vs non-metal
remove if can
abx
refer if metal for rust rings

37
Q

Macular degeneration summary

A

SS:
poor central vision
functional peripheral vision

Types:
Dry (no vision loss)
Wet (vision loss)
- distorted lines

38
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy summary

A

HTN cause formation new vessels

SS:
blind spots
blurry vision
vision loss
copper wire arterioles
AV nicking
cotton wool spots
dot blot/flame shaped hemorrhages

Txt:
BP
blood sugar

39
Q

Diabetic retinopathy summary

A

DM cause

SS:
blind spots
blurry vision
vision loss
venous beading

Txt:
BP
blood sugar

40
Q

Central retinal vein occlusion summary

A

thrombus vein cause involvement entire retina

SS:
painless
acute onset blurred vision
unilateral
floaters
flashing lights
dilated and torturous veins
4 quads intraretinal hemorrhage
41
Q

Central retinal artery occlusion summary

A

stroke in eye

Cause:
cardiogenic embolism
Giant cell arteritis
Vasculitis

SS:
sudden pain
complete vision loss
boxcarring
cherry red spot
amaurosis fugax
Eval:
US
EKG
echo
ESR
coagulation tests
CT

Txt:
emergency

Z Clin Med II - Neuro (17 decks)

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