Intro to Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Defect in cerebral cortex

A

unilateral, contralateral weakness or sensory deficit

receptive: reading, listening
motor: writing, talking
ex. agnosia, anosognosia, alexia, apraxia, aphasia

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2
Q

Dysfunction in cerebellum

A

IPSILATERAL CONTROL and excitatory effects
awkward movements
dysdiadochokinesis, ataxia, tremor that occurs during movement

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3
Q

Dysfunction of basal ganglia

A

inhibitory effects
extra irrelevant, unplanned, purposeless movement, slowing of voluntary movement
ex. chorea, athetosis, hemiballismus

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4
Q

dysfunction of hypothalamus

A

homeostasis mechanisms like HR, BP, and temp become affected

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5
Q

Dysfunction of thalamus

A

lacunar infarct

contralateral sensory deficit

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6
Q

dysfunction of limbic system

A

hippocampus: affects memory
amygdala: how you respond to emotions

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7
Q

Dysfunction of brainstem

A

medulla, pons , midbrain

loss of vital functions, alteration of consciousness, motor and sensory deficits, vision changes, vertigo

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8
Q

3 sensory spinal cord tracts and what the sensation they transmit

A
Posterior column (turns into medial lemniscus) = light touch, proprioception, vibration
Spinothalamic = pain, temp (in the lateral part), crude touch (ant. part)
Spinocerebellar = carries unconscious proprioception
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9
Q

1 motor spinal cord tract, where it synapses, and what it transmits

A

Corticospinal (pyramidal tract)
Crosses over at the brainstem/spinal cord junction then goes down the spinal cord to synapse at the ant. horn
Transmits axial muscle control thru ant. portion and limb motor function controlled by the post portion

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10
Q

Comparison between posterior column and spinothalamic tract injuries at the spinal level or sensory cortex level

A

In the post column tract, if there is a spinal injury, there would be IPSILATERAL loss compared to an injury in the sensory cortex would have CONTRALATERAL loss
In the spinothalamic tract, both spinal and sensory cortex injury results in CONTRALATERAL loss because dessication occurs right away

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11
Q

Cranial nerves name and function

A
1- olfactory (smell)
2- optic (vision)
3- oculomotor (eye mvmt, light reflex)
4- trochlear (eye mvmt)
5- trigeminal (mastication, sensory face)
6- abducens (lat eye mvmt)
7- facial ( facial expression, taste)
8- vestibulocochlear (hearing, balance)
9- glossopharyngeal ( taste, swallow, speech)
10- vagus (taste, swallow, lift palate, speech)
11- accesory (turn head, lift shoulder)
12- hypoglossal (move tongue)

EXPLICIT PNEUMONIC: oh oh oh to touch and feel virgin girls’ vaginas arouses harry

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12
Q

Cranial nerves and if they control sensory, motor, or both

A
1- sensory
2- sensory
3-motor 
4-motor
5- both
6- motor
7- both
8-sensory
9- both
10-both
11-motor
12-motor

EXPLICIT PEUMONIC: some say marry money but my brother says big boobs matter more

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13
Q

Paresis def

A

slight or incomplete paralysis, weakness

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14
Q

Paralysis def

A

loss motor function

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15
Q

-plegia def

A

paralysis or stroke

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16
Q

spasticity def

A

stiff muscles with increased tone

17
Q

akinetic def

A

loss ability to carry out spontaneous movement

18
Q

amnestic def

A

inability to carry out a command due to inability to remember the command

19
Q

dysarthria def

A

imperfect articulation of speech