Intro to Neuro Flashcards
Defect in cerebral cortex
unilateral, contralateral weakness or sensory deficit
receptive: reading, listening
motor: writing, talking
ex. agnosia, anosognosia, alexia, apraxia, aphasia
Dysfunction in cerebellum
IPSILATERAL CONTROL and excitatory effects
awkward movements
dysdiadochokinesis, ataxia, tremor that occurs during movement
Dysfunction of basal ganglia
inhibitory effects
extra irrelevant, unplanned, purposeless movement, slowing of voluntary movement
ex. chorea, athetosis, hemiballismus
dysfunction of hypothalamus
homeostasis mechanisms like HR, BP, and temp become affected
Dysfunction of thalamus
lacunar infarct
contralateral sensory deficit
dysfunction of limbic system
hippocampus: affects memory
amygdala: how you respond to emotions
Dysfunction of brainstem
medulla, pons , midbrain
loss of vital functions, alteration of consciousness, motor and sensory deficits, vision changes, vertigo
3 sensory spinal cord tracts and what the sensation they transmit
Posterior column (turns into medial lemniscus) = light touch, proprioception, vibration Spinothalamic = pain, temp (in the lateral part), crude touch (ant. part) Spinocerebellar = carries unconscious proprioception
1 motor spinal cord tract, where it synapses, and what it transmits
Corticospinal (pyramidal tract)
Crosses over at the brainstem/spinal cord junction then goes down the spinal cord to synapse at the ant. horn
Transmits axial muscle control thru ant. portion and limb motor function controlled by the post portion
Comparison between posterior column and spinothalamic tract injuries at the spinal level or sensory cortex level
In the post column tract, if there is a spinal injury, there would be IPSILATERAL loss compared to an injury in the sensory cortex would have CONTRALATERAL loss
In the spinothalamic tract, both spinal and sensory cortex injury results in CONTRALATERAL loss because dessication occurs right away
Cranial nerves name and function
1- olfactory (smell) 2- optic (vision) 3- oculomotor (eye mvmt, light reflex) 4- trochlear (eye mvmt) 5- trigeminal (mastication, sensory face) 6- abducens (lat eye mvmt) 7- facial ( facial expression, taste) 8- vestibulocochlear (hearing, balance) 9- glossopharyngeal ( taste, swallow, speech) 10- vagus (taste, swallow, lift palate, speech) 11- accesory (turn head, lift shoulder) 12- hypoglossal (move tongue)
EXPLICIT PNEUMONIC: oh oh oh to touch and feel virgin girls’ vaginas arouses harry
Cranial nerves and if they control sensory, motor, or both
1- sensory 2- sensory 3-motor 4-motor 5- both 6- motor 7- both 8-sensory 9- both 10-both 11-motor 12-motor
EXPLICIT PEUMONIC: some say marry money but my brother says big boobs matter more
Paresis def
slight or incomplete paralysis, weakness
Paralysis def
loss motor function
-plegia def
paralysis or stroke