Dementia Flashcards
What is dementia gen char
Def: Acquired, sustained impairment in intellectual function in at least 3 areas Memory Language visualospatial skills personality abstraction calculation judgement
Cause: MC - Degenerative (AD, Huntington, Parkinson)
Vascular (Cerebrovascular dz, vasculitis)
What is cortical dementia clin
SS: Major memory changes Language deficits Perceptual deficits Praxis disturbances
Brain Region:
Temporal cortex
Parietal cortex
frontal lobe cortex
Types: Alzheimer's dx diffuse lewy body disease vascular dementia frontotemporal dementias
What is subcortical dementia clin
SS: Behavior changes impaired affect and mood motor slowing executive dysfunction less severe changes in memory
Brain Region: Thalamus Striatum Midbrain Striatofrontal projections
Types: parkinsons normal-pressure Huntington dx creutzfeldt-jakob dx chronic meningitis
What is mild cognitive impairment
memory impairment in pts without dementia
up to 25% go to AD
Vascular Dementia general
Def: 2nd MC, earlier onset than AD, M>W, survival bleaker
Cause: Infarcts, hemorrhage
Risks: HTN, DM, hyperlipidemia, smoking, metabolic syndrome
Lewy Body Dementia general
Def:
- eosinophilic inclusions in subcrotical neurons of Parkinson’s pts
- shares clinical and pathologic features with AD
SS:
Dementia and 2 of following:
fluctuations in cognition
visual hallucinations
parkinsonian motor signs (cog wheel, tremors)
Frontotemporal dementia general
Def:
- Picks dx with pick bodies
- bilateral frontal lobe atrophy with intraneuronal inclusions that affects behavior
Creutzfeldt-Jakob dx general
Def: prion dx in spongiform encephalopathies diagnosis of exclusion Early SS: failing memory behavior changes lack coordination visual disturbances Later SS: involuntary movements blindness weakness of extremities coma
MMSE scoring levels
<=10 severe dementia
11-20 moderate dementia
21-25 mild dementia
