WBC Malignancies Flashcards
What is a circulating tumor in blood and bone marrow?
Leukemia
What is a malignancy that is localized in lymph tissue?
lymphoma
What is a plasma cell myeloma?
WBC malignancy, localized tumors found in bony structures
In WHO classification scheme, what is the major category?
Cell type (myeloid or lymphoid)
WHat do myeloproliferative diseases involve?
Too many of the normal cells?
What are myelodysplastic/ proliferative diseases?
Too many abnormal looking cells
What are myelodysplastic syndromes?
Abnormal looking cells
What are types of lymphoid neoplasms?
B-cell neoplasm
T & NK cell neoplasm
Hodgkin disease
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
What is the cause of leukemia?
Unknown, however some viruses (HTLV-1, HIV, EBV), and Radiation have shown to have a casual relationship
What is involved in bone marrow suppression ?
Leucopenia (lack of normal luekocytes)
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
What is the key to diagnosing leukemia?
CBC, then bone marrow lymph node sample
What is the post-remission phase of chemotherapy?
Used to eliminate undetected cells
What is an allogeneric bone marrow transplant?
From a bone marrow donation
What is a autologous bone marrow transplant?
Reinfusion of your own stem cells after treatment
What cells are involved in myeloid neoplasms?
monocytes
granular leukocytes
RBCs
megakaryocytes
What are 3 examples of myleoproliferative disorders? (normal cells, just too many of them?
CML
PV
Essential thrombocythemia
(good prognosis)
What type of myeloid neoplasm is AML?
Myelodysplastic
Cells morphologically and functionally
(bad prognosis) abnormals
When it typical onset for chronic myeloid leukemia?
40-50 years
What chromosome do the malignant granulocytes carry in CML?
Philadelphia
What is the fusion gene bcr abl ?
CML (because of Philadelphia chromosome)
What are two signs of CML?
high granulocyte count & splenomegaly
What is the only treatment for CML?
allogeneic marrow transplant (from close relative)
What type cells is transformed in AML?
myeloid stem cell
Which type of leukemia has subtypes (M0-M7)
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
What is the most common version of AML
Acute granulocytic leukemia
In AML, do the Philadelphia chromosome help or hurt the survival rate of the person?
Hurts- reduced to about 5%
What cell type transformations are involved in lymphoid neoplasms?
B, T, NK cells
What 2 subgroups are lymphoid neoplasms divided into?
Precursor cell neoplasms
Mature Cell neoplasm
WHat is a precrusor cell neoplams (lymphoid)?
arrest development early in blast stage
What is a mature cell neoplasm (lymphoid)?
More differentiated, often peripheral sites- more functionality
Chronic lymphoid leukemia normally has what precursor?
B-cell (5% T cell- which is more aggressive)
Loss of production of what with B cell CLL?
antibodies
What is ALL?
Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia/ Lymphoma
ALL has abnormal of what cell types?
Lymphoblasts (immature)
ALL is a disorder primarily of who?
Children
What cell phenotype is hairy cell leukemia?
B cell phenotypes that have hair like projections
What gender is more affected with hairy cell leukemia?
Males (5:1 ratio)
Malignant cells in plasma cell myeloma all come from…
One B cell clone
antibodies accumulate in blood
Where do the extra antibodies in PCM (plasma cell myeloma) go?
Appear in the urine
Bence Jones protein
What are Reed-Sternberg cells found in?
Hodgkin Disease (malignant lymphoma)
Where do Reed-Sternberg cells come from?
B cells in lymph nodes
What virus is commonly found in RS cells?
Epstein Barr Virus
What type spread pattern is found in Hodgkin Disease?
Continuos lymphatic pathways
2 types of Hodgkin Disease?
- rare lymphocyte predominance types (5%)
2. Classical- 4 subtypes (95%)
What is the A version of a stage in Hodgkin Disease?
No clinical symptoms
What is the B version of a stage in Hodgkin Disease?
Clinical symptoms at staging (night sweats, pruritus, weight loss, malaise)
Stage 1 Hodgkin lymphoma?
1 lymph node effected
Stage III Hodgkin lymphoma?
Lymph nodes on either side of the diaphragm affected
Which type of lymphoma has a more common occurance of extranodal disease (GI, testes, bone marrow)
Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
Which type of lymphoma usually has mediastinal involvement?
Hodgkins lymphoma
