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PATHO > WBC disorders > Flashcards

WBC disorders Flashcards

1
Q

infectious mononucleosis “mono”

A

self-limiting lymphoproliferative disorder–lymphocytes growing too much; infection of B lymphocytes caused by Epstein-Barr virus

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2
Q

Mono transmission

A

EBV-contaminated saliva most prevalent in teens/young adults bc spread through saliva and fluid

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3
Q

mono onset

A

insidious, 4-8 week incubation period

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4
Q

mono sx

A

nonspecific–lymphoadenopathy (swollen nodes in neck and armpit), hepatitis (swollen liver), splenomegaly (swollen spleen), tired, throat sore, body ache

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5
Q

mono labs

A

inc WBCs; 95% lymphocytes–very high

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6
Q

mono progression

A

2-3 weeks of acute phase; 2-3 months lethargy, debility

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7
Q

mono tx

A

treat sx, supportive, sleep, hygiene, hydration

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8
Q

myelodysplastic sx

A

group of related hematologic dx char by chx in quantity or quality of bone marrow elements; blood cells could not mature, accum, or short life

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9
Q

myelodysplastic sx

A

cytopenias (low blood count)–anemia, infection and spon bleeding or bruising

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10
Q

who does myelodysplastic sx affect?

A

most over 65

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11
Q

myelodysplastic sx cause

A

unknown, maybe enviro trigger

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12
Q

myelodysplastic sx diagnosis

A

labs and bone marrow biopsy

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13
Q

myelodysplastic sx tx

A

depends on severity, supportive, chemo, GCSF, erythrypoietin, bone marrow transplant

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14
Q

leukemias

A

Malignant neoplasms of cells originally derived from a single
hematopoietic cell line

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15
Q

Leukemic cells char and locations

A

Are immature and unregulated (undifferentiated), Proliferate in bone marrow, Circulate in blood, Infiltrate spleen, lymph nodes

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16
Q

how are leukemias classified?

A

according to their predominant cell type and acute vs chronic condition

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17
Q

acute lymphotic (lymphoblastic) leukemia

A

most common childhood leuk; higher survival rate

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18
Q

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A

most common in older adults; Relatively mature lymphocytes that are immunologically incompetent; S&S: fatigue, wt loss, anorexia, infections

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19
Q

acute myelocytic leukemia

A

mostly an adult disease; low 5-year survival rate

20
Q

lymphocytic leukemia

A

affects lymphoid stem cells especially lymphocytes

21
Q

myelocytic

A

affects myeloid stem cells esp granulocytes

22
Q

chronic myelocytic leukemia

A

Leukocytosis with immature cell types (presents with increased granulocyte count); S&S: fatigue, wt loss, diaphoresis, bleeding, abdominal discomfort from splenomegaly

23
Q

cause of leukemia

A

unknown; inc exposure to radiation

24
Q

Leukemic cells

A

Are an immature type of WBC; Capable of increased rate of proliferation/have prolonged life
span; Cannot perform function of mature leukocytes → are ineffective
as phagocytes; Interfere with maturation of normal bone marrow cells (including
RBC & platelets)

25
Q

acute leukemias

A

sudden, stormy onset; dec mature WBC, dec RBC, dec platelets, kids refuse to walk and bone pain

26
Q

acute leukemia diagnosis

A

based on blood/bone marrow tissue; find immature WBCs (blasts), may constitue 60-100% of cells

27
Q

Chronic leukemia

A

more insidious onset, often diagnosed during routine blood check

28
Q

leukemia tx

A

goal is remission; start with cytotoxic chemo, move to stem cell transplant (bone)

29
Q

Risks of leukemia tx

A

infection, rejection, relapse

30
Q

Malignant lymphomas

A

Neoplasms of cells derived from lymphoid
tissue
* Hodgkin Disease
* Non-Hodgkin Disease

31
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

Characterized by painless, progressive, rubbery enlargement of
a single node or group of nodes – usually in neck area and nonspecific sx; Reed-Stenberg cell

32
Q

Reed-Stenberg cell

A

distinctive tumor cell found with lymph biopsy; distinctive–for Hodgkins diagnosis

33
Q

Hodgkins cause

A

unknown, maybe EBV, genetic predis, exposure to toxins

34
Q

Hodgkin diagnosis

A

Diagnosis: peripheral blood analysis, lymph node biopsy, bone
marrow exam, radiographic evaluation (CT, MRI, PET)

35
Q

Hodgkins tx

A

Chemotherapy- standard- doxorubicin
(Adriamycin), bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine; 2-8
cycles
* Radiation
* Stem Cell Transplant

36
Q

Non-Hodgkin disease

A

Neoplastic dx of lymphoid tissue; spreads early to liver, spleen, bone marrow; char by painless, superficial lymphadenopathy, also extranodal sx; caught later, harder to diagnosis bc no distinguishing cell type

37
Q

Etiology of non-Hodgkin

A

unknown

38
Q

Non-Hodgkins diagnosis

A

similar to Hodgkins, inc extranodal sites–lymph tissue at non-lymph sites

39
Q

Non-Hodgkins tx

A

chemotherapy, radiation, refractory cases- stem cell transplant; Rituximab (Rituxan), ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin), tositumomab (Bexxar) & others

40
Q

Multiple myeloma (Plasma cell myeloma)

A

atypical proliferation of “M” protein immunoglobulin which is a monoclonal antibody; inc osteoclast activity (bone b/d), can’t maintain humoral immunity–get sicker

41
Q

Myeloma sx

A

bone pain/frac, also sx r/t impaired RBC and WBC count

42
Q

Who is more likely to get myeloma

A

men, around age 65, African Americans

43
Q

Myeloma CM

A

slow and insidious; anemia, bleeding, hypercalcemia from seeping out of bones, skeletal pain (often 1st sx)

44
Q

Multiple myeloma diagnosis

A

lab, radiography, bone marrow exam; look for bone b/d and monoclonal antibody protein serum and urine; pancytopenia (all cells dec), hypercalcemia, elevated serum creatinine, Bence Jones proteins in urine; Xray osteolytic lesions

45
Q

Multiple myeloma tx

A

watch, corticosteroids, promote bone health, chemo, stem cell transplants, adequate hydrations, biophosphates

PATHO (32 decks)

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