Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PATHO > HTN pharmacology > Flashcards

HTN pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril) Classification

A

Thiazide diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide [HCTZ] (HydroDiuril) MOA

A

Works on the distal convoluted tubule to inhibit reabsorption of Na/K and Cl which causes dec cardiac output and water loss; relaxes arterioles which dec peripheral vascular resistance (PVR); usually given PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide [HCTZ] (HydroDiuril) Adverse reactions

A

Electrolyte and metabolic disturbance, hypokalemia; orthostatic hypotension; worsened renal insufficiency; hyperuricemia; elevated glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide [HCTZ] (HydroDiuril) Nursing considerations

A

Tell pt to eat potassium rich foods like bananas, avocado, spinach, watermelon, beans; watch gout pt bc hyperuricemia; will need to monitor K levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Low potassium levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Foods rich in vitamin K

A

bananas, avocado, watermelon, spinach, beans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) classification

A

Loop diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) MOA

A

Inhibit kidneys ability to reabsorb sodium in the loop of henle; makes kidneys put more sodium in the urine which encourages peeing; often given PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) Indications

A

HTN, fluid overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) adverse effects

A

Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, low magnesium, dehydration, hypotension, ototoxicity—difficulty healing, usually transient with furosemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) nursing considerations

A

Monitor potassium levels, may need potassium supplement; watch urine output and contact HCP if low output because profound amounts of urine are more common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone) Classification

A

Potassium-sparing diuretic (aldosterone antagonist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone) MOA

A

Blocks aldosterone activity (sodium and water retention and secretion of sodium and water); does not mess with K much; small amount of diuretics; only given PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone) adverse effects

A

Hyperkalemia; endocrine effects—deeper voice, impotence, irregular menstrual cycles, gynecomastia, hirsutism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone) nursing considerations

A

Warn pt of side effects; monitor K levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Metoprolol [selective], propranolol and carvedilol [non-selective] classification

A

Beta adrenergic blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Beta blockers prefix

A

–olol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Metoprolol [selective], propranolol and carvedilol [non-selective] MOA

A

Increases nitric oxide which causes vasodilation and blocks stimulation of the beta 1 receptors which decreases HR and contractility (propranolol and carvedilol also block beta 2 which acts on the lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Metoprolol [selective], propranolol and carvedilol [non-selective] adverse effects

A

Lethargy, fatigue, dec BP, bradycardia, can exacerbate lung issues (propranolol and carvedilol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Metoprolol [selective], propranolol and carvedilol [non-selective] nursing considerations

A

Need to wean when discontinuing the med to avoid CVD event, watch asthma patients for propranolol and carvedilol, never give any beta blockers with HR under 60 or systolic BP under 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Clonidine (catapres) classification

A

Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist (centrally acting sympatholytic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Clonidine (Catapres) MOA

A

Decrease sympathetic outflow which decreases stimulation of adrenergic receptors (alpha and beta), which lowers BP; PO or transdermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Clonidine (Catapres) adverse effects

A

Drowsiness, rebound HTN, worsened renal insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Clonidine (Catapres) nursing considerations

A

Give at night to combat drowsiness, gradually discontinue to avoid rebound HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
doxazosin (Cordova) classification
Selective alpha 1 blocker
26
doxazosin (Cordova) MOA
Selective alpha 1 blockade—venous and arterial dilation
27
Doxazosin (Cordova) adverse effects
Hypotension, dizzy
28
captopril (Capoten), lisinopril (Zestril) classification
ACE inhibitors
28
Doxazosin (Cordova) nursing considerations
Be careful getting up after taking
28
captopril (Capoten), lisinopril (Zestril) MOA
Block ACE which inhibits the production of angiotensin II and inhibits aldosterone secretion (less water retention) and slows
29
ACE inhibitor suffix
--pril
30
captopril (Capoten), lisinopril (Zestril) adverse effects
First dose hypotension, DRY AND PERSISTENT COUGH, dizzy, rash, ANGIOEDEMA, neutropenia (captopril)
31
captopril (Capoten), lisinopril (Zestril) nursing considerations
Be careful within first 6-8 hours bc hypotension, educate about not moving too fast, educate about angioedema, especially African Americans
32
angioedema
swelling in the body tissues especially the larynx which is more common in African Americans
33
Losartan (Cozaar) classification
Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARBs)
34
Losartan (Cozaar) MOA
Blocks angiotensin 2 after is it formed, causing vasodilation, increased Na/water excretion; only give PO
35
Angiotensin receptor blocker suffix
--sartan
36
Losartan (Cozaar) adverse effects
Well tolerated; worsened renal insufficiency, slight risk of angioedema
37
Losartan (Cozaar) nursing considerations
Don’t take if pregnant, women of child-bearing age need to use contraceptive if taking, renal insufficient patients should monitor
38
aliskiren (Tekturna) classification
renin inhibitor
39
aliskiren (Tekturna) MOA
Inhibits renin which induces vasodilation, decreases blood volume, decreases SNS activity, inhibits cardiac and vascular hypertrophy; given PO
40
aliskiren (Tekturna) adverse effects
Well-tolerated, GI discomfort, hyperkalemia
41
aliskiren (Tekturna) nursing considerations
Takes several weeks for full effect, can’t take if pregnant; if you are diabetic watch for hyperkalemia
42
nifedipine (Procardia), amlodipine (Norvasc), nicardipine (Cardene) classification
Calcium channel blocker
43
Calcium channel blocker suffix
--pine
44
nifedipine (Procardia), amlodipine (Norvasc), nicardipine (Cardene) MOA
Blocks calcium access to cells which causes vasodilation of smooth muscles and works on veins; decreases contractility and heart conductivity; PO or IV; for HTN and angina pectoris
45
nifedipine (Procardia), amlodipine (Norvasc), nicardipine (Cardene) adverse effects
orthostatic hypotension, peripheral edema
46
nifedipine (Procardia), amlodipine (Norvasc), nicardipine (Cardene) nursing considerations
Best choice for elderly and African Americans; diuretics may be given if edema occurs, be careful changing position
47
Hydralazine (Apresdine) classification
Vasodilator
48
Hydralazine (Apresdine) MOA
Works on atrial and venous smooth muscles to cause relaxation, decreases systemic and peripheral vascular resistance with direct vasodilation; IV or PO
49
Hydralazine (Apresdine) adverse effects
Hypotension, dizzy, headache, tachycardia, edema, dyspnea, GI
50
Hydralazine (Apresdine) nursing considerations
Be careful changing position, watch for swelling
51
Diuretics characteristics
Least expensive, enhance effects of other hypertensives, often first-line, dec BP by dec CO (block Na and Cl reabsorption)
52
MOA for all diuretics
Increase urinary output, dec circulatory volume, dec arterial resistance
53
Normal potassium range
3.5-5
54
What does hypokalemia cause
Cardiac rhythm problems bc K works with the heart
55
Sympatholytics
hypertensive drugs that block the SNS (which usually vasoconstricts) so there is less vasoconstriction, less peripheral vascular resistance, and lower BP
56
beta adrenergic blockers
block beta receptors; beta 1--in heart (cardioselective), beta 2--in lungs
57
Characteristics of ACE inhibitors
safe and efficacious for heart failure and HTN
58
Gynecomastia
Increased breast tissue in men
59
Impotence
Erectile dysfunction
60
Hirsutism
Excess hair growth around often around mouth and chin
61
Contractility
The force with which the heart contracts
62
Neutropenia
Very low WBC count
63
Best choice for African Americans and elderly
Calcium channel blockers
64
Preg women can’t take these…
ACE inhibitors, ARBs, renin inhibitors
65
These drugs cause worsened renal insufficiency
ARBs, ACE inhibitors, thiazide
66
These drugs worsen liver problems
Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists, HLD drugs

PATHO (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions