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PATHO > Intro To Pharmacology > Flashcards

Intro To Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

Study of biological effects of drugs that enter the body and the changes they cause

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2
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

What happens to drugs in the body; what the body does to the drugs

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3
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

what the drugs do to the body; mechanism of action

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4
Q

Pharmacogenetics

A

How genes affect one’s response to a drug

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5
Q

Chemical name

A

Long and complex; used for research (N-acetyl-para-aminophel)

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6
Q

Generic name

A

Official name listed on the bottle of any drugs of similar chemical makeup; lower case (acetaminophen)

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7
Q

Trade name

A

Brand name; given by pharmaceutical company that first made it; uppercase (Tylenol)

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8
Q

Contraindication

A

Reason why someone should not take a med

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9
Q

Nursing indication

A

What a nurse needs to know before giving a med including assessments, any serious indications

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10
Q

Mechanism of action

A

How the drugs works in the body

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11
Q

Drug classification

A

Drugs that works similarly bc similar mechanism of actions, chemical structure, effect

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12
Q

Prototype

A

1st drug of the med group/class; new drugs are compared to it to measure effectiveness

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13
Q

Therapeutic effect

A

Intended effect of drug (ex: pain relief for ibuprofen)

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14
Q

Side effect

A

Unintended effect of the drug

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15
Q

Toxicities

A

Harmful effects of drugs

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16
Q

Adverse effects

A

Unexpected and dangerous reaction

17
Q

Allergic reaction

A

Unexpected immune response to a drug, can be dangerous

18
Q

FDA approval

A

Strict scientific tests a drug must pass before going on the market

19
Q

Preclinical stage

A

Animal tests on a drug

20
Q

Phase 1 drug trial

A

Human volunteers

21
Q

Phase 2 drug trial

A

Drug trial on people with the disease

22
Q

Phase 3 drug trial

A

Drug used in vast clinical market; pt closely monitored; evidence it might work

23
Q

Phase 4 clinical trial

A

Continual evaluation by the FDA

24
Q

Controlled substance act

A

Drugs with the potential for abuse are controlled

25
Q

Schedule 1 drug

A

No medical use or reason to prescribe (Heroin, LSD)

26
Q

Schedule 2 drug

A

Medically used but high potential for abuse; no automatic refills (need a new rx); Narcotics, Amphetamines, Dilaudid, oxycodone

27
Q

Schedule 3

A

Less potential for abuse; non-barbiturates, non-amphetamines, stimulants

28
Q

Schedule 4

A

Some abuse potential; sedatives, anti-anxieties (ambien, Valium)

29
Q

Schedule 5

A

Low abuse potential; small amounts of narcotics or stimulants, often antitussives, cough suppressant with codeine

30
Q

Prescription strength OTC

A

Some drug available OTC but with higher dose (800 mg ibuprofen)

31
Q

OTC meds

A

Low risk of side effect and low abuse potential; consumers must be able to diagnose own condition and monitor the effectiveness of the drug (ex: know you have poison ivy and can assess changes as you use the med)

32
Q

Dietary and Herbal supplements

A

Can only claim function or body structure (ex: St. John Wort’s affects emotional balance, NOT depression); FDA only monitors post-market, often lack scientific evidence of MOA

33
Q

Nurse’s job for dietary or herbal supplements

A

Ask the pt what they take and educate (they can increase toxicity of prescription and cause increased/dec in therapeutic function

34
Q

Teratogens

A

Can cause congenital malformations in the fetus (alc, marijuana, nicotine)

35
Q

Category A teratogens

A

Safe

36
Q

Category B teratogens

A

Lack studies that show benefit/risk

37
Q

Category C teratogens

A

No studies to show in humans, animals show possible risk; discuss with OB

38
Q

Category D teratogens

A

Drugs that show possible fetal risk; discuss with OB

39
Q

Category X teratogens

A

Known risk; can’t be outweighed with benefits (thalidomide, isotretinoin)

PATHO (32 decks)

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