Intro To Pharmacology

Question 1

Pharmacology

Answer 1

Study of biological effects of drugs that enter the body and the changes they cause

Question 2

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 2

What happens to drugs in the body; what the body does to the drugs

Question 3

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 3

what the drugs do to the body; mechanism of action

Question 4

Pharmacogenetics

Answer 4

How genes affect one’s response to a drug

Question 5

Chemical name

Answer 5

Long and complex; used for research (N-acetyl-para-aminophel)

Question 6

Generic name

Answer 6

Official name listed on the bottle of any drugs of similar chemical makeup; lower case (acetaminophen)

Question 7

Trade name

Answer 7

Brand name; given by pharmaceutical company that first made it; uppercase (Tylenol)

Question 8

Contraindication

Answer 8

Reason why someone should not take a med

Question 9

Nursing indication

Answer 9

What a nurse needs to know before giving a med including assessments, any serious indications

Question 10

Mechanism of action

Answer 10

How the drugs works in the body

Question 11

Drug classification

Answer 11

Drugs that works similarly bc similar mechanism of actions, chemical structure, effect

Question 12

Prototype

Answer 12

1st drug of the med group/class; new drugs are compared to it to measure effectiveness

Question 13

Therapeutic effect

Answer 13

Intended effect of drug (ex: pain relief for ibuprofen)

Question 14

Side effect

Answer 14

Unintended effect of the drug

Question 15

Toxicities

Answer 15

Harmful effects of drugs

Question 16

Adverse effects

Answer 16

Unexpected and dangerous reaction

Question 17

Allergic reaction

Answer 17

Unexpected immune response to a drug, can be dangerous

Question 18

FDA approval

Answer 18

Strict scientific tests a drug must pass before going on the market

Question 19

Preclinical stage

Answer 19

Animal tests on a drug

Question 20

Phase 1 drug trial

Answer 20

Human volunteers

Question 21

Phase 2 drug trial

Answer 21

Drug trial on people with the disease

Question 22

Phase 3 drug trial

Answer 22

Drug used in vast clinical market; pt closely monitored; evidence it might work

Question 23

Phase 4 clinical trial

Answer 23

Continual evaluation by the FDA

Question 24

Controlled substance act

Answer 24

Drugs with the potential for abuse are controlled

Question 25

Schedule 1 drug

Answer 25

No medical use or reason to prescribe (Heroin, LSD)

Question 26

Schedule 2 drug

Answer 26

Medically used but high potential for abuse; no automatic refills (need a new rx); Narcotics, Amphetamines, Dilaudid, oxycodone

Question 27

Schedule 3

Answer 27

Less potential for abuse; non-barbiturates, non-amphetamines, stimulants

Question 28

Schedule 4

Answer 28

Some abuse potential; sedatives, anti-anxieties (ambien, Valium)

Question 29

Schedule 5

Answer 29

Low abuse potential; small amounts of narcotics or stimulants, often antitussives, cough suppressant with codeine

Question 30

Prescription strength OTC

Answer 30

Some drug available OTC but with higher dose (800 mg ibuprofen)

Question 31

OTC meds

Answer 31

Low risk of side effect and low abuse potential; consumers must be able to diagnose own condition and monitor the effectiveness of the drug (ex: know you have poison ivy and can assess changes as you use the med)

Question 32

Dietary and Herbal supplements

Answer 32

Can only claim function or body structure (ex: St. John Wort’s affects emotional balance, NOT depression); FDA only monitors post-market, often lack scientific evidence of MOA

Question 33

Nurse’s job for dietary or herbal supplements

Answer 33

Ask the pt what they take and educate (they can increase toxicity of prescription and cause increased/dec in therapeutic function

Question 34

Teratogens

Answer 34

Can cause congenital malformations in the fetus (alc, marijuana, nicotine)

Question 35

Category A teratogens

Answer 35

Safe

Question 36

Category B teratogens

Answer 36

Lack studies that show benefit/risk

Question 37

Category C teratogens

Answer 37

No studies to show in humans, animals show possible risk; discuss with OB

Question 38

Category D teratogens

Answer 38

Drugs that show possible fetal risk; discuss with OB

Question 39

Category X teratogens

Answer 39

Known risk; can’t be outweighed with benefits (thalidomide, isotretinoin)