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Pharmacognosy and plant chemistry > Waxes and volatile oils > Flashcards

Waxes and volatile oils Flashcards

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1
Q

as esters resulting from the condensation of high-molecular weight, straight-chain acids and high molecular weight, primary straight chain alcohols.

A

waxes and volatile oils

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2
Q

mixtures of different molecular weight acids and alcohols

A

waxes and volatile oils

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3
Q

VEGETABLE WAXES

A

o Carnauba wax

o Bayberry wax

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4
Q

INSECT WAXES

A

o Lac wax

o Bees wax

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5
Q

A waxy substance obtained from the head of the sperm whale [Physeter macrocephalus(Family Physeteridae)]

A

Spermaceti

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6
Q

Formerly recognized as a quality emollient and a desirable ingredient in cold creams and other cosmetics

A

Spermaceti

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7
Q

Is a mixture consisting primarily of esters of saturated fatty alcohols (C14 to C18)and saturated fatty acids (C14 to C18)

A

SYNTHETIC SPERMACETI OR CETYL ESTERS WAX

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8
Q

Is a mixture of solid alcohols consisting chiefly (not less than 90%) of 1-hexadecanol

A

CETYL ALCOHOL

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9
Q

CETYL ALCOHOL uses

A

emulsifying aid and a stiffening agent

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10
Q

Is a mixture of solid alcohols consisting chiefly (not less than 90%) of stearyl alcohol or 1-octadecanol

A

STEARYL ALCOHOL

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11
Q

Cetosteryl alcohol contains not less than__% of stearyl alcohol and not less than _% of cetyl and stearyl alcohols

A

40, 90

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12
Q

Is liquid wax expressed from Seeds of Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Scheider (Famoly Buxaceae).

A

JOJOBA OIL

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13
Q

YELLOW WAX OR BEESWAX is the purified wax from the honeycomb of the bee __ (scientific name)

A

Apis mellifera Linne’

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14
Q

Beeswax is solid varying in color from __ (color)

A

yellow to grayish brown

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15
Q

Yellow wax is used for base of __.

A

cerates and plasters

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16
Q

Is bleached, purified wax from honeycomb of the bee. A. mellifera Linne

A

WHITE WAX

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17
Q

It is rapid, reliable and expensive method of detecting the presence of certain adulterants of natural beeswax

A

SAPONIFICATION CLOUD TEST

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18
Q

Is obtained from the leaves of Copernicia prunifera

A

CARNAUBA WAX

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19
Q

Are C20 lipid metabolites formed in the body from essential, unsaturated fatty acids in the diet

A

PROSTAGLANDINS

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20
Q

PROSTAGLANDINS four classes

A
  1. Prostaglandin A
  2. Prostaglandin B
  3. Prostaglandin E
  4. Prostaglandin F
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21
Q

indicate the number of double bonds in the side chains and the stereochemistry of members of each group

A

Subscripts

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22
Q

palliative therapy to maintain temporarily neonates with patent ductus arteriosus and certain congenital heart defects

A

PGE1

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23
Q

DINOPROST

A

PROSTAGLANDINS F2A, PGF2A

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24
Q

The usual dose of PGF2a is

A

40 mg

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25
Q

Is the 15-methyl analog of PGF2a

A

15-METHYLPROSTAGLANDIN F2a

(15S)-METHYL PGF2a, OR Carboprost

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26
Q

The initial dose is _- (carboprost)

A

200µg by deep IM injection

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27
Q

Total dose should not exceed to __ (carboprost)

A

12mg

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28
Q

PGE2 or _.

A

PROSTAGLANDIN E2

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29
Q

It differs from PG F2a, only in that the 9-oxygen substituted is a keto group

A

PROSTAGLANDIN E2

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30
Q

PROSTAGLANDIN E2 available as

A

vaginal suppository

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31
Q

_mg of vaginal suppository (PGE2)

should not exceed to

A

20, 240 mg

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32
Q

pharmacologic effects of this are similar of those PGF2a, a notable exception is the lack of vasoconstriction and hypertension with high doses of PGE

A

PROSTAGLANDIN E2

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33
Q

Differs from PGE1 only in the reduction of unsaturated bond at position 5

A

PROSTAGLANDIN E1, PGE1 OR ALPROSTADIL

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34
Q

Odorous principals found in various plant parts

A

VOLATILE OILS

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35
Q

VOLATILE OILS also called

A

ethereal oil or essential oils

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36
Q

Volatile oil is miscible or immiscible with water

A

miscible

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37
Q

They do not leave a permanent grease spot on paper and can not be saponified with alkalies

A

VOLATILE OILS

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38
Q

formed via the acetate-mevalonic acid pathway

A

terpenoid derivatives

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39
Q

formed via the shikimic acid phenyl propanoid route

A

aromatic compounds

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40
Q

the usual method of obtaining volatile oil

A

Steam distillation

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41
Q

lemon oil, Orange oil

A

Expression

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42
Q

the general method for obtaining citrus oil

A

Ecuelle method

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43
Q

applicable for plant parts containing a small amount of volatile oil

A

Enfleurage

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44
Q

most modern essential oil production, using solvent systems based on such volatile solvents such as petroleum ether or benzene

A

Extraction

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45
Q

obtaining empyreumatic oil

A

Destructive distillation

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46
Q

oxidized hydrocarbon portion of oil usually solid

A

Stereoptene

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47
Q

Turpentine oil, Distilled from

A

Pinus palustris

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48
Q

Largest volume essential oil

A

Turpentine oil

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49
Q

Turpentine oil use

A

Counterirritant

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50
Q

distillation from an aqueous solution of NaOH

A

Rectified turpentine oil

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51
Q

Rectified turpentine oil use

A

Expectorant

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52
Q

formed by the action of nitric acid on rectified turpentine oil in presence of alcohol

A

Terpin hydrate or Terpinol

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53
Q

Terpin hydrate or Terpinol use

A

Expectorant; Stimulant to mucous membrane

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54
Q

Terpin hydrate or Terpinol usual dose

A

85 mg

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55
Q

Acyclic

A

Geraniol; Linalool; Citronellol

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56
Q

Monocyclic

A

Menthol;Terpineol

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57
Q

Dicyclic

A

Borneol

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58
Q

Sesquiterpene

A

Zingiberol

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59
Q

distilled with steam from fresh overground parts of flowering plants of Mentha piperita

A

Peppermint oil

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60
Q

Peppermint oil, alcohol volatile component

A

Menthol

61
Q

distilled from dried, ripe seed of Elletaria cardamomum

A

Cardamom oil

62
Q

Cardamom oil, active component

A

Cineol

63
Q

Cardamom oil use

A

Flavor, carminative

64
Q

Steam distillation of a dried ripe fruit of Coriandrum sativum

A

Coriander oil

65
Q

Coriander oil active component

A

Linalool

66
Q

Distilled from fresh flower of Rosa gallica

A

Rose oil

67
Q

Rose oil also known as

A

Otto of Rose

68
Q

Rose oil active component

A
  • Geraniol
  • Citronellol
  • Nerol
69
Q

Distilled from fresh flower of Citrus aurantum

A

Orange flower oil

70
Q

Orange flower oil aka

A

neroli oil

71
Q

Orange flower oil active component

A

Linalool

72
Q

Orange flower oil uses

A

Perfume, Flavor

73
Q

Steam distillation of wood of Pinus palustris

A

Pine oil

74
Q

Mentha arvensis oil

A

Japanese peppermint oil

75
Q

From diversed mint oil or prepared synthetically

A

Menthol

76
Q

Menthol uses

A 
Antipruritic
Counterirritant
Stimulant
Antiseptic
Depressant effect on heart
77
Q

Steam distillation of leaves and twigs of Cinnamomum cassia

A

Cinnamon Oil

78
Q

Cinnamon Oil aka

A

Saigon cinnamon
cassia cinnamon
ceylon cinnamon

79
Q

Cinnamon Oil chief constituent

A

Cinnamaldehyde, Cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamyl aldehyde

80
Q

imparts sweetness of cinnamon

A

Mannitol

81
Q

Cinnamon Oil uses

A

Flavoring agent
Carminative
Pungent aromatic
Antiseptic

82
Q

obtained by expression of the fresh peel ripe fruit of Citrus sinensis

A

Orange Oil

83
Q

Orange Oil uses

A

Flavor

84
Q

steam distillation of the fresh dried leaves of Cymbopogon winterianus

A

Citronella Oil

85
Q

Citronella Oil active constituents

A

Citronellal

86
Q

Citronella Oil uses

A

Perfume

Insect repellant

87
Q
  • distilled witch hazel extract

* Steam distillation of dried dormant wigs of Hammamelis virginiana

A

Hammamelis Water

88
Q

Hammamelis Water uses

A

Astringent in hemorrhoid preparation

89
Q

combination of neral and geranial

A

CITRAL

90
Q

Lemon Peel uses

A

Flavoring agent
Stimulant
Stomachic

91
Q

Monocyclic ketone

A 
Menthone
Carvone
Pulegone
Piperifone
Diosphenol (crystalline ketone in buchu)
92
Q

Dicyclic ketone

A

Camphor
Fenchone
Thujone

93
Q

Camphor scientific name

A

Cinnamomum camphora

94
Q

from dried ripe fruit of Carum carvi; contains __; use as flavorant

A

Caraway, Carvone

95
Q

obtained from steam distillation of dried ripe fruit of Carum carvi
USE/S: Flavor, carminative

A

Caraway oil

96
Q

Buchu from dried leaf of

A

Barostoma betulina

97
Q

Buchu contains and use as

A

Diosphenol, Diuretic for menstrual problem (OTC)

98
Q

Wormwood oil or Absinthe oil contains

A

Thujone

99
Q

steam distillation of dried leaves and flowering tops of Artemisia absinthium

A

Wormwood oil

100
Q

Wormwood oil use

A

Counterirritant

101
Q

from steam distillation of fresh leaves of Thuja occidentalis

A

Cedar leaf oil

102
Q

Cedar leaf oil use

A

Counterirritant

103
Q

Component of Vick’s vaporab

A

✓ Thujone

✓ Fenchone

104
Q

steam distillation of Mentha spicata

A

Spearmint

105
Q

Spearmint uses

A

Flavor
Carminative
Use in chewing gum industry

106
Q
  • (4-aalyl-2-methoxyphenol)
  • From clove oil
  • Incorporated in dental protectives
A

Eugenol

107
Q

team distillation from flowering plant of Thymus vulgaris

A

Thyme oil

108
Q

4-aalyl-2-methoxyphenol

A

Eugenol

109
Q

isopropyl m-cresol

A

Thymol

110
Q

Thymol use

A

antiseptic

111
Q

aka Bay oil

A

Myrcia oil

112
Q

Myrcia oil active component

A

Eugenol

113
Q

Myrcia oil uses

A

Perfume

114
Q

Creosote aka

A

beechwood creosote

115
Q

Mixture of phenol obtained from wood tar produced by destructive distillation of the wood of Fagus grandiflora

A

Creosote

116
Q

Creosote active components

A

✓ Guiacol

✓ Creosol

117
Q

Creosote uses

A

Disinfectant

Expectorant

118
Q

aka as cade oil

A

Juniper tar

119
Q
  • Empyreumatic volatile oil

* Distilled from heartwood of Juniferus oxycedrus

A

Juniper tar

120
Q

Juniper tar active consttituent

A

Cardinene

121
Q

Juniper tar use

A

Local antieczematic

122
Q

from destructive distillation from the wood of Pinus palustris

A

Pine tar

123
Q

Pine tar uses

A

Local antieczematic
▪ Antipsoriasis
▪ Expectorant

124
Q

Pine tar active constituents

A

Creosol

125
Q
  • steam distillation from the flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllus
  • Eugenol
A

Clove oil

126
Q

As toothache remedy, it is applied topically to dental

cavity(analgesic)

A

Clove oil

127
Q

Used in commercial production of vanillin

A

Clove oil

128
Q
  • Anethole – Anise – (aniseed)

* From the dried ripe fruit of Pimpinella anisum

A

PHENOLIC ETHER

129
Q

dried ripe fruit of Illicium verum

A

PHENOLIC ETHER

130
Q

From the dried ripe seed of Myristica fragrans

A

Safrole

131
Q

Eucalyptus other names

A

cineole, eucalyptol, cajuputol

132
Q

from Eucalyptus globulus

A

Eucalyptus

133
Q

Gaultheria other names

A

wintergreen, teaberry, checkerberry

134
Q

from Gaultheria procumbens

A

Gaultheria

135
Q

Methyl salicylate other names

A

Gaultheria oil,
wintergreen oil,
betula oil,
sweet birch oil

136
Q

produce synthetically by maceration and subsequent distillation with steam from leaves or from bark of Betula lenta

A

Methyl salicylate

137
Q

Mixture of salicylic acid and methanol

A

Methyl salicylate

138
Q

Flavor for cascara sagrada fluidextract; Local irritant; Antiseptic; Antirheumatic

A

Methyl salicylate

139
Q

steam distillation fro fresh flowering tops of Lavandula angustifolia

A

Lavender oil

140
Q

Lavender oil active constituent

A

Linalyl acetate

141
Q

Lavender oil use

A

Perfume

142
Q

pine needle oil aka

A

dwarf pine needle oil

143
Q

steam distillation of the fresh leaf of Pinus mugo

A

Pine needle oil

144
Q

Pine needle oil active constituent

A

Bornyl acetate

145
Q

Pine needle oil uses

A

flavor; Perfume

146
Q

allylisothiocyanate

A

Mustard oil

147
Q

obtained by maceration with water of dried ripe seed with subsequent steam distillation of Brassica nigra

A

Mustard oil

148
Q

Mustard oil use

A

Rubefacient

Pharmacognosy and plant chemistry (12 decks)

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