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Pharmacognosy and plant chemistry > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of fixed oils, fats and waxes

A

lipids

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2
Q

Lipids are also known as

A

lipins or lipoids

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3
Q

Esters of long chain fatty acids and alcohols, or of closely related derivatives

A

lipids

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4
Q

primary function of lipids are

A

food (energy) storage

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5
Q

liquid at normal room temperaure

A

Fatty or fixed oil liquid

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6
Q

semi-solid or solid at ordinary temperature

A

Fats

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7
Q

Fatty or fixed oils- Liquid at normal room temperature EXCEPT

A

coconut oil

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8
Q

Fats- semi-solid or solid at ordinary temperature EXCEPT

A

Cod liver oil

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9
Q

The number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of the substance

A

ACID VALUE OR ACID NUMBER

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10
Q

The number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free fatty acids and saponify the esters contained in 1 g of the substance

A

SAPONIFICATION VALUE

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11
Q

The number of grams of iodine absorbed, under prescribed conditions, by 100 grams of substance

A

IODINE NUMBER

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12
Q

Indicates the degree of unsaturation

A

IODINE NUMBER

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13
Q

Other physical constants such as:

A
  • Melting Point
  • Specific Gravity
  • Refractive Index
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14
Q

Fixed oils and fats of vegetable origin are obtained by expression in

A

hydraulic presses

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15
Q

if the expression is carried out in cold

A

Virgin oil or a cold- pressed oil

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16
Q

if the expression is carried out in heat

A

Hot pressed oil

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17
Q

True or false

Seeds contain the larger quantities of fats and oils than other plant parts.

A

True

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18
Q

the glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids are liquid or solid?

A

liquid

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19
Q

glycerides of saturated fatty acids of sufficient length are liquid or solid?

A

solid

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20
Q

some of the more common fatty acids are:

A

CALAMYPASTAR

Caproic 
Caprylic 
Capric 
Lauric 
Myristic 
Palmitic 
Stearic
Arachidic
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21
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF FIXED OILS BASED ON ABILITY TO ABSORB OXYGEN FROM THE AIR

A
  1. Drying oils
  2. Semidrying oils
  3. Nondrying oils
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22
Q

Produces semisolid fats that are extensively used as cooking fats and shortenings

A

HYDROGENATION OF THE OIL

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23
Q

obtained by reacting sulfuric acid with the oil, keeping the temperature down by chilling

A

SULFATED OR SULFONATED OILS

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24
Q

Fixed oil obtained by expression or extraction from the seed kernels of the coconut palm

A

COCONUT OIL

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25
Q

Scientific name of coconut oil

A

Cocos nucifera Linne

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26
Q

Consist of a mixture of triacylglycerols in which 80 to 85% of the acids are saturated. Semisolid
at 20°C

A

COCONUT OIL

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27
Q

major fatty acids

A

Lauric and myristic

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28
Q

It is one of the world’s most widely consumed edible oils, next only to soybean oil

A

PALM OIL

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29
Q

This oil consists of mixture of triacylglycerol whose component acids are almost equal proportions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

A

PALM OIL

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30
Q

Obtained as a minor product during processing of oil palm fruit.

A

PALM KERNEL OIL

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31
Q

Characterized as a hard oil and closely resembles coconut oil with which it is easily interchangeable

A

PALM KERNEL OIL

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32
Q

Castor bean or castor oil seed is the ripe seed of

A

Ricinus communis

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33
Q

Castor seeds contain __ of fixed oil

A

45- 55%

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34
Q

True or false

RICIN is removed by extraction of the castor oil and do not remains in the oil cake

A

false

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35
Q

is a pale yellowish or almost colorless, transparent viscid liquid. It has a faint mild odor and bland characteristic taste

A

Castor oil

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36
Q

castor oil exert __ effect

A

cathartic effect

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37
Q

Just read :)

A

USES and Dose - castor oil
o stimulant cathartic at 15- 60 ml
o used externally for emollient effect and a plasticizer in flexible collodion
o employed in the manufacture of soaps and as a lubricant for internal combustion engines
o Hydrogenated castor oil is used as stiffening agent in some pharmaceutic formulations
o Ricinoleic acid is an ingredient in a vaginal jelly for restoration and maintenance for vaginal acidity.

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38
Q

Olive oil is a fixed oil obtained from the ripe fruit of _.

A

Olea europea Linne

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39
Q

obtained by gently pressing the peeled pulp with grater pressure

A

Virgin oil

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40
Q

is pressed from crushed pulp with less pressure

A

First Class or First Grade of edible oil

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41
Q

is pressed from crushed pulp with greater pressure

A

Second Grade of edible oil

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42
Q

the pulp is extracted with Carbon Disulfide to obtain “Sulfur” Olive oil of inferior quality

A

Technical oil

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43
Q

Olive oil is miscible wih __, ___, __, and slightly soluble in __

A

ether, carbon disulfide, and chloroform

alcohol

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44
Q

Just read :)

A

Olive oil uses

USES:
Classed as pharmaceutic aid
o Used as setting retardant for dental cements and in the preparation of soaps, plasters and liniments
o It is also a demulcent
o Emollient
o Laxative
o Used as nutrient and widely used as salad oil

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45
Q

Peanut is ripe fruit of __

A

Arachis hypogaea Linne

46
Q

PEANUT OIL sometimes referred to

A

arachis oil

47
Q

closely resembles olive oil

A

peanut oil

48
Q

peanut oil principal use

49
Q

Peanut oil uses

A

Solvent for intramuscular injections

50
Q

Is the fixed oil obtained from the seeds of Brassica campestris, B. juncea Czerniakowka & Cosson, and B. napus ( Fam. Brasicaceae)

A

RAPESEED OIL

51
Q

Oil obtained from these varieties of rapeseed oil is termed

A

canola oil

52
Q

Is the ripe seed of Glycine soja

53
Q

Soybean present enzyme

54
Q

Soybean uses

A

food for diabetes and a general food for humans and livestock

55
Q

a refined, fixed oil obtained from the seeds of the soya plant. The oil is obtained by pressure seldom exceeds 10%

A

SOYBEAN OIL

56
Q

Ingredient in parenteral nutrients and is the source of LECITHIN and lipid fraction of soybeans yield STIGMASTEROL

A

SOYBEAN OIL

57
Q

The flour sifted from the decorticated, ground seed of Glycine soja deprived of fat

A

SOYBEAN MEAL

58
Q

Refined fixed oil, obtained from the seed of cultivated plants of various varieties of Gossypium hirsutum or of other species of Gossypium

A

COTTONSEED OIL

59
Q

is the seed of one or more cultivated varieties of Sesamum indicum Linne’

A

SESAMUM SEED OR SESAME SEED

60
Q

Used as poppy seeds on breads and rolls

A

SESAME OIL

61
Q

Is the refined, fixed oil obtained from the seed of one or more cultivated varieties of Sesamum indicum Linne

A

SESAME OIL

62
Q

SESAME OIL is also called

A

TEEL OIL or BENNE OIL

63
Q

pale yellow, oily liquid, almost odorless and bland tasting

A

SESAME OIL

64
Q

Sesame oil uses

A

solvent for intramuscular injections

nutritive, laxative, demulcent, and emollient properties

65
Q

contained in the unsaponifiable fraction of the oil, is an effective synergist for pyrethrum insecticides

66
Q

Sweet almond and bitter almond consist of the ripe seeds of the different varieties of Prunus amygdalus

A

ALMOND OIL

67
Q

Both bitter and sweet almonds are expressed for their fixed oil (45 to 50%)

A

ALMOND OIL

68
Q

true or false

Both sweet and bitter almonds are extensively used as food

A

false. bitter not included

69
Q

Is the fixed oil obtained by expression from the kernels of varieties of Prunus amygdalus

A

ALMOND OIL, EXPRESSED ALMOND OIL, OR SWEET ALMOND OIL

70
Q

ALMOND OIL, EXPRESSED ALMOND OIL, OR SWEET ALMOND OIL uses

A

▪ Used as an emollient

▪ Used as an ingredient in cosmetics

71
Q

Is the oil expressed from the kernel varieties of Prunus armeniaca Linne’ (Appricot Kernel Oil) or from the kernel varieties of P. persica (Peach Kernel Oil) (Fam. Rosaceae)

A

PERSIC OIL, APRICOT KERNEL OIL, OR PEACH KERNEL OIL

72
Q

prepared in the same manner as is expressed almond oil.

A

Persic oil

73
Q

Refined oil obtained from the embryo of the Zea mays (Fam. Poaceae)

74
Q

uses of corn oil

A
  • solvent for injections
  • solvent for irradiated ergosterol
  • used in salads and in the preparation of food
75
Q

Is the fixed oil obtained from the seeds of Carthamus tinctorius Linne

A

SAFFLOWER OIL

76
Q

SAFFLOWER OIL uses

A

high-calorie dietary supplement

77
Q

Is fixed oil obtained from the seeds of cultivated varieties of Helianthus annuus Linne

A

Sunflower oil

78
Q

The oil is used as an alternative to corn oil and safflower oil for culinary purposes

A

SUNFLOWER OIL

79
Q

Also called Flaxseed oil

A

LINSEED OIL

80
Q

A fixed oil obtained from the dried, ripe seed of Linum usitatissimum Linne’ ( Fam. Linaceae)

A

LINSEED OIL

81
Q

It is a yellow liquid having a distinct odor and disagreeable taste. When exposed to air it
gradually thickens and darkens in color

A

LINSEED OIL

82
Q

Partially destearinated fixed oil obtained from the fresh livers Gadus morrhua Linne’

A

COD LIVER OIL

83
Q

is a thin, oily liquid that has distinctive, slightly fishy but not rancid odor and a fishy taste

A

COD LIVER OIL

84
Q

Medicinal grade cod liver oil must contain, not less than __ of vitamin D

A

255ug (85 units)

85
Q

Cod oil sources of vitamin __?

A

Vitamin A and D

86
Q

Cod oil other uses

A

Topical emollient

87
Q

is an Iodine addition product of the Ethyl ester of the fatty acids of poppy seed oil.

A

Ethiodized oil

88
Q

Ethiodized oil contain NLT __, NMT __ organically combined iodine

A

35.2%, 38.9%

89
Q

The kernels are called __.

90
Q

Theobroma oil

The red color of the seed is caused by a principle known

91
Q

Also known as “breakfast cocoa”

A

CACAO SEEDS OR CACAO BEANS

92
Q

Is the fat obtained from the roasted seed of T. cacao

A

THEOBROMA OIL OR COCOA BUTTER

93
Q

THEOBROMA OIL OR COCOA BUTTER use

A

suppository base

94
Q

Is refined, bleached, hydrogenated, and deodorized vegetable stearins and consists mainly of the triglycerides of stearic and palmitic acids

A

HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OIL

95
Q

HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OIL use

A

tablet lubricant

96
Q

Is the purified, fat like substance from the wool of the sheep, Ovis aries Linne’ (Fam. Bovidae)

97
Q

Lanolin contains between 25 to 30% of water and therefore is commonly called

A

hydrous wool fat

98
Q

Lanolin chief constituents

A

cholesterol and isocholesterol

99
Q

It contains not more than 0.25% of water. After lanolin, has been purified and bleached, it is dehydrated.
usually referred as wool fat

A

ANHYDROUS LANOLIN

100
Q

ANHYDROUS LANOLIN uses

A

water absorbable ointment base

STIFFENING AGENT – Sodium stearate

101
Q

Are mixtures consisting of the esters of isopropyl alcohol and saturated high molecular weight fatty acids

A

ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE AND ISOPROPYL PALMITATE

102
Q

Obtained from edible fats and fixed oils

A

OLEIC ACID

103
Q

Often obtained as a by product in the production of stearic acid

A

OLEIC ACID

104
Q
  • Is used as a pharmaceutical vehicle

* Compared with fixed oil vehicle is less viscous and more rapidly absorbed by the body tissues

A

ETHYL OLEATE

105
Q
  • Emollient

* Emulsifying agent

A

OLEYL ALCOHOL

106
Q
  • Polyunsaturated octadecenoic acids

* Essential for human nutrition and the have been called vitamin E

A

LINOLEIC AND LINOLENIC ACIDS

107
Q
  • IS 10-UNDECENOIC ACID
  • It is prepared by the pyrolysis of ricinoleic acid, which is obtained from castor oil
  • Has anti-fungal properties
A

UNDECYLENIC ACID

108
Q

UNDECYLENIC ACID use

A

Often combined with undecylenate or other agents to treat athlete’s foot

109
Q

Used in powder for diaper rash and similar skin irritations

A

Ca UNDECYLENATE

110
Q
  • Sodium salt of the fatty acids of cod liver oil

* Available as sterile solution

A

SODIUM MORRHUATE

111
Q

SODIUM MORRHUATE use

A

sclerosing agent to obliterate varicose veins

Pharmacognosy and plant chemistry (12 decks)

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