Sugar and sugar-containing drugs

Question 1

a sugar obtained from Saccharum officinarum Linne (Graminae/Poaceae)

Answer 1

Sucrose

Question 2

Beets

Answer 2

Beta vulgaris

Question 3

Maple

Answer 3

Acer saccharum

Question 4

occurs in grapes and other fruits; obtained through controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of starch

Answer 4

Dextrose

Question 5

a crystalline dextrose monohydrate that has undergone less rigorous purification

Answer 5

Dextrose excipient

Question 6

A purified mixture of saccharides (NLT 93% dextrose)

Answer 6

Dextrates

Question 7

Used as a sweetening agent as substitute for

sucrose in syrups, and as a tablet binder and coating agents

Answer 7

Dextrates

Question 8

a product obtained by the incomplete hydrolysis of starch

Answer 8

Liquid glucose

Question 9

a colorless or yellowish, thick, syrupy liquid that is nearly odorless and tastes sweet

Answer 9

Liquid glucose

Question 10

Is the calcium salt of gluconic acid

Answer 10

Calcium gluconate

Question 11

obtained by the oxidation of dextrose, either with chlorine or electrolytically in the presence of a bromide

Answer 11

Gluconic acid

Question 12

are calcium salts of 7- and 5- carbon acids that are prepared from glucose via a cyanohydrin intermediate, and levulinic acid

Answer 12

calcium gluceptate and calcium levulinate

Question 13

Is the ferrous salt of gluconic acid

Answer 13

Ferrous gluconate

Question 14

It is classed as a hematinic and is employed in iron deficiency anemia.

Answer 14

Ferrous gluconate

Question 15

Usual prophylactic dose of ferrous gluconate

Answer 15

325mg a day

Question 16

Usual therapeutic dose of ferrous gluconate

Answer 16

325mg 4x a day

Question 17

a KETONE sugar that occurs naturally in most sweet fruits and in honey

Answer 17

Fructose

Question 18

Fructose obtained from the hydrolysis of

Answer 18

Inulin

Question 19

occurs as colorless crystals or as a white, crystalline or granular, odorless powder that has a sweet taste, freely soluble in water

Answer 19

Fructose

Question 20

uses of fructose

Answer 20

food for diabetic people

Ingredient in infant formulations and fructose injections

Question 21

prepared by controlled enzymatic isomerization of glucose

Answer 21

HIGH-FRUCTOSE SWEETENER

Question 22

The fresh, unpasteurized or pasterurized milk of Bos Taurus Linne (Bovidae), without modification

Answer 22

LACTOSE/ COW’S MILK

Question 23

white opaque liquid that is an emulsion of minute fat globules suspended in a solution of casein, albumin, lactose and inorganic salts; it has a slight but pleasant odor and an agreeable sweet taste

Answer 23

LACTOSE/ COW’S MILK

Question 24

cream, united fat globules

Answer 24

Butter

Question 25

liquid separating from butter

Answer 25

Buttermilk

Question 26

left after cream separates

Answer 26

Skimmed milk

Question 27

coagulum, skimmed m. + rennin

Answer 27

Cheese

Question 28

– liquid separated from coagulum

Answer 28

Whey

Question 29

LACTOSE upon hydrolysis yields __

Answer 29

D-glucose and D-galactose

Question 30

Yields fructose and galactose upon hydrolysis

Answer 30

Lactulose

Question 31

Is a semisynthetic sugar prepared by alkaline rearrangement of lactose

Answer 31

Lactulose

Question 32

Lactulose most significant therapeutic use is to __

Answer 32

decrease the blood ammonia concentration in portal-systemic encephalopathy

Question 33

Usual dosage of Lactulose

Answer 33

20-30g syrup 3-4 times a day

Question 34

Is a pentose obtained by boiling corn cobs, straw or similar materials with dilute acid to hydrolyze the xylan polymer

Answer 34

Xylose

Question 35

Has a sweet taste and is normally absorbed from the small intestines, but IS NOT METABOLIZED to a significant extent by mammalian enzymes

Answer 35

Xylose