Anthraquinone glycosides Flashcards
Related to anthracene
Anthraquinone glycosides
USE: Stimulant cathartics and exert their action by increasing the tone of the smooth muscle in the wall of the colon and stimulate the secretion of water and electrolytes into the large intestine.
Anthraquinone glycosides
upon hydrolysis yield aglycones that are di-, tri-, or tetrahydroxyanthraquinones or modification of these compounds
Anthraquinone glycosides
Example of anthraquinone glycoside
Frangulin A -> Emodin
Rhamnose
species that produce several anthraquinone glycosides
Penicillium islandicum
purified, water soluble mixture of the anthranol glycosides
Cascara sagrada
Other name of Cascara sagrada
Rhamnus purshiana; Sacred bark
ancient classical name for buckthorn
Rhamnus
given in honor of the German botanist, Friedrich Pursh
Purshianus
Use of Cascara sagrada
Cathartic and also restores the natural tone to the colon
2 Types of Anthracene compounds
normal O- glycosides(based on emodin) – about 10 – 20%
aloinlike C- glycosides- about 80 – 90%
Main active principles of Cascara sagrada
o Cascarosides A –based on optical isomers of barbaloin
o Cascarosides B
o Cascarosides C- based on optical isomers of chrysaloin
o Cascarosides D
Aloe yields not less than __ of the water soluble extractive
50%
Aloes occur on the market as __ that range from (color)
opaque masses, reddish black to brownish
brown in color
typical xerophytic plants
Aloe
from Arabic alloeh or the Hebrew halal meaning a shining, bitter substance
Aloe
from Latin verus meaning true
vera
refers to Barbados islands
Barbadensis
from Latin meaning wild or ferocious
ferox
refers to the habitat of the plant, southern Africa
Africana
refers to the flowers in spikes
spicata
Uses of aloe
o Pharmaceutic aid for Compound Benzoin Tincture
o Cathartic: for the treatment of burns, abrasions and other skin irritations.
o Moisturizing and emollient properties
graded according to the size of the leaf and the color of the leaflets
Senna
Senna color- best and poorest
GREEN, YELLOWISH
principal active constituents of senna whose aglycones are composed of aloe- emodin and/or rhein
Dimeric glycosides
a pair of stereoisomers whose aglycones are rhein dianthrone
Sennosides A and B
are minor constituents having dimeric aglycones
Sennosides C and D
Senna use
Cathartic
from Hebrew qetsiah meaning to cut off
Cassia
Latin term refers to sharply pointed leaflets
Acutifolia
means narrow-leaved
Angustifolia
Buckthorn bark
Frangula
Buckthorn bark from
Rhamnus frangula Linne
Component of OTC product MOVICOL- also contains karaya
Frangula
Frangula has _ effect
Laxative effect
Rhubard also called
RHUBARB (Rheum;Chinese rhubarb)
Indian rhubarb or Himalayan rhubarb
principal constituent of medicinal rhubarb
Rhein anthrones
Sources of rhubarb
o Rheum officinale
o R. palmatum
o R. emodi
o R. webbianum
Rhubarb effects
Drastic cathartic
Is a mixture of neutral principles obtained from GOA POWDER
Chrysarobin
Chrysarobin is obtained in the lysogenous cavities in the wood of
Abdira araroba
Chrysarobin uses
Keratolytic agent
treatment of psoriasis,
trichophytosis and chronic eczema
T or f. Chrysarobin can be use on the face and scalp
False. very irritating to mucous membranes
1,8–DIHYDROXYANTHRAQUINONE
DANTHRON or CHRYSARIN
occurs as an orange colored crystalline powder that is particularly insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, or other solvents
DANTHRON or CHRYSARIN
uses of DANTHRON or CHRYSARIN
o CATHARTIC
o Is an important intermediate in the manufacture of anthralin and of alizarin and indanthrene dyestuff
