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Pharmacognosy and plant chemistry > Anthraquinone glycosides > Flashcards

Anthraquinone glycosides Flashcards

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1
Q

Related to anthracene

A

Anthraquinone glycosides

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2
Q

USE: Stimulant cathartics and exert their action by increasing the tone of the smooth muscle in the wall of the colon and stimulate the secretion of water and electrolytes into the large intestine.

A

Anthraquinone glycosides

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3
Q

upon hydrolysis yield aglycones that are di-, tri-, or tetrahydroxyanthraquinones or modification of these compounds

A

Anthraquinone glycosides

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4
Q

Example of anthraquinone glycoside

A

Frangulin A -> Emodin

Rhamnose

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5
Q

species that produce several anthraquinone glycosides

A

Penicillium islandicum

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6
Q

purified, water soluble mixture of the anthranol glycosides

A

Cascara sagrada

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7
Q

Other name of Cascara sagrada

A

Rhamnus purshiana; Sacred bark

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8
Q

ancient classical name for buckthorn

A

Rhamnus

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9
Q

given in honor of the German botanist, Friedrich Pursh

A

Purshianus

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10
Q

Use of Cascara sagrada

A

Cathartic and also restores the natural tone to the colon

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11
Q

2 Types of Anthracene compounds

A

normal O- glycosides(based on emodin) – about 10 – 20%

aloinlike C- glycosides- about 80 – 90%

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12
Q

Main active principles of Cascara sagrada

A

o Cascarosides A –based on optical isomers of barbaloin
o Cascarosides B
o Cascarosides C- based on optical isomers of chrysaloin
o Cascarosides D

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13
Q

Aloe yields not less than __ of the water soluble extractive

A

50%

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14
Q

Aloes occur on the market as __ that range from (color)

A

opaque masses, reddish black to brownish

brown in color

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15
Q

typical xerophytic plants

A

Aloe

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16
Q

from Arabic alloeh or the Hebrew halal meaning a shining, bitter substance

A

Aloe

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17
Q

from Latin verus meaning true

A

vera

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18
Q

refers to Barbados islands

A

Barbadensis

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19
Q

from Latin meaning wild or ferocious

A

ferox

20
Q

refers to the habitat of the plant, southern Africa

A

Africana

21
Q

refers to the flowers in spikes

A

spicata

22
Q

Uses of aloe

A

o Pharmaceutic aid for Compound Benzoin Tincture
o Cathartic: for the treatment of burns, abrasions and other skin irritations.
o Moisturizing and emollient properties

23
Q

graded according to the size of the leaf and the color of the leaflets

A

Senna

24
Q

Senna color- best and poorest

A

GREEN, YELLOWISH

25
Q

principal active constituents of senna whose aglycones are composed of aloe- emodin and/or rhein

A

Dimeric glycosides

26
Q

a pair of stereoisomers whose aglycones are rhein dianthrone

A

Sennosides A and B

27
Q

are minor constituents having dimeric aglycones

A

Sennosides C and D

28
Q

Senna use

A

Cathartic

29
Q

from Hebrew qetsiah meaning to cut off

A

Cassia

30
Q

Latin term refers to sharply pointed leaflets

A

Acutifolia

31
Q

means narrow-leaved

A

Angustifolia

32
Q

Buckthorn bark

A

Frangula

33
Q

Buckthorn bark from

A

Rhamnus frangula Linne

34
Q

Component of OTC product MOVICOL- also contains karaya

A

Frangula

35
Q

Frangula has _ effect

A

Laxative effect

36
Q

Rhubard also called

A

RHUBARB (Rheum;Chinese rhubarb)

Indian rhubarb or Himalayan rhubarb

37
Q

principal constituent of medicinal rhubarb

A

Rhein anthrones

38
Q

Sources of rhubarb

A

o Rheum officinale
o R. palmatum
o R. emodi
o R. webbianum

39
Q

Rhubarb effects

A

Drastic cathartic

40
Q

Is a mixture of neutral principles obtained from GOA POWDER

A

Chrysarobin

41
Q

Chrysarobin is obtained in the lysogenous cavities in the wood of

A

Abdira araroba

42
Q

Chrysarobin uses

A

Keratolytic agent
treatment of psoriasis,
trichophytosis and chronic eczema

43
Q

T or f. Chrysarobin can be use on the face and scalp

A

False. very irritating to mucous membranes

44
Q

1,8–DIHYDROXYANTHRAQUINONE

A

DANTHRON or CHRYSARIN

45
Q

occurs as an orange colored crystalline powder that is particularly insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, or other solvents

A

DANTHRON or CHRYSARIN

46
Q

uses of DANTHRON or CHRYSARIN

A

o CATHARTIC

o Is an important intermediate in the manufacture of anthralin and of alizarin and indanthrene dyestuff

Pharmacognosy and plant chemistry (12 decks)

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