Saponin glycosides

Question 1

Form colloidal solutions in water that foam upon SHAKING (FROTH TEST)

Answer 1

Saponin glycosides

Question 2

They have bitter, acrid taste and drugs containing them are usually sternutatory and otherwise irritating to the mucous membrane

Answer 2

Saponin glycosides

Question 3

Destroy red blood cells by hemolysis and are toxic especially to cold- blooded animals

Answer 3

Saponin glycosides

Question 4

The aglycones, usually prepared by acid- catalyzed hydrolysis, usually termed as

Answer 4

Sapogenins

Question 5

form readily crystallizable compounds upon Acetylization

Answer 5

Sapogenins

Question 6

Two chemical classes of saponin

Answer 6

Steroid, Triterpenoid saponins

Question 7

the most important plant steroids for the partial

synthesis of steroid hormones

Answer 7

Diosgenin and botogenin

Question 8

Steroid is from the genus

Answer 8

Dioscorea

Question 9

Hecogenin, manogenin and gitogenin from species of

Answer 9

Agave

Question 10

Sarsasapogenin and smilagenin from the genus

Answer 10

Smilax

Question 11

have large number of carbon atoms ( C27 to C 30) making them lipophilic

Answer 11

Triterpenoid saponins

Question 12

poisonous saponins

Answer 12

SAPOTOXINS

Question 13

saponins have been used experimentally to enhance the absorption of __

Answer 13

insulin

Question 14

From Greek origin means sweet root

Answer 14

GLYCYRRHIZA

Question 15

GLYCYRRHIZA also called

Answer 15

LICORICE ROOT

Question 16

means smooth, refers to the smooth , pod- like fruit of this species.

Answer 16

Glabra

Question 17

Just read

Answer 17

USES: gycyrrhiza

1. Demulcent and expectorant properties
2. Flavoring agent and mask the taste of bitter drugs such as aloe, ammonium chloride, quinine
3. Surfactant
4. Licorice is added to chewing gums, chocolate candy, cigarettes
5. Added to beer to increase foaminess
6. Imparts bitter taste when added to root beer, stout and porter

Question 18

saponinlike glycoside

• 50 times as sweet as sugar

Answer 18

Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid)

Question 19

• pentacyclic triterpene derivative of the ß- amyrin type

- Use as anti- inflammatory agent

Answer 19

Glycyrrhetic acid

Question 20

• Prepared by extracting coarsely ground licorice root with warm water, rendering the extractive alkaline with ammonium hydroxide, concentrating, and bringing it to final volume with alcohol and water.
• It is a pharmaceutic aid

Answer 20

Glycyrrhiza fluidextract

Question 21

Prepared from glycyrrhiza and is a black pillular mass having a characteristic sweet taste

Answer 21

Licorice root extract

Question 22

Licorice root extract uses

Answer 22

1. Used in the treatment of peptic ulcer and Addison’s disease
2. Ingredient in aromatic cascara sagrada fluidextract

Question 23

is a popular name for several species of Discorea and is sometimes incorrectly applied to certain varieties of certain potato

Answer 23

Yam

Question 24

represents rich sources of principles used as cortisone precursors

Answer 24

Mexican yam

Question 25

are obtained from the root of Discorea spiculifora , a

cultivated species

Answer 25

Botogenin and diosgenin

Question 26

considered as the best source of steroids.

Answer 26

Mexican yam derived from D. floribunda

Question 27

the root of perennial herbs Panax quinquefolius Linne. (American Ginseng) and Panax ginseng (Fam. Araliaceae)

Answer 27

Ginseng

Question 28

Three categories of ginseng

Answer 28

1. GINSENOSIDES
2. PANAXOSIDES
3. CHIKUSETSUSAPONINS

Question 29

• one of the major saponins found in ginseng

* an example of a glycoside with a steroidal triterpene aglycone, ( 20S) –protopanaxatriol

Answer 29

Ginsenoside Rg1

Question 30

molluscicide

Answer 30

Agave

Question 31

Contains a complex mixture of triterpenoid saponins that can be either steroidal triterpenes or pentacyclic related tooleanoic acid

Answer 31

Ginseng

Question 32

Widely available in “ health- food” outlets

Answer 32

Ginseng