Water Solutions

Question 1

solution

Answer 1

a homogeneous mixture with an even distribution of molecules throughout

Question 2

solute

Answer 2

substance that is being dissolved

Question 3

solvent

Answer 3

substance doing the dissolving

Question 4

solution

Answer 4

solute + solvent

Question 5

mass percent

Answer 5

mass of solute / total mass soln. x 100

Question 6

molarity (M)

Answer 6

moles solute / liters soln.

Question 7

molality (m)

Answer 7

moles solute / kg solvent

Question 8

ionic solutes: properties

Answer 8

ionic bonds, most are soluble in water, crystal lattice structures dissociate in water

Question 9

molecular solutes: properties

Answer 9

low solubility except substances capable of hydrogen bonding w/ water and molecular acids

Question 10

solution equilibrium

Answer 10

established when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction

Question 11

unsaturated solutions

Answer 11

not in a state of equilibrium and all solute particles are in solution

Question 12

saturated solutions

Answer 12

in a state of equilibrium with un-dissolved solute particles remaining

Question 13

super-saturated

Answer 13

when more solute is forced into a saturated solution, throwing off equilibrium

Question 14

an increase in temp will __ the solubility of solids and __ the amount of solute in the soln

Answer 14

increase, increase

Question 15

an increase in temp will __ the solubility of gasses

Answer 15

decrease

Question 16

thermal pollution

Answer 16

the heat “pollution” generated by the process of a nuclear reactor

Question 17

physical properties are dependent on

Answer 17

concentration and type of solute

Question 18

electro-conductivity

Answer 18

physical property; soluble ionic solutes will conduct in water and molecular solutes won’t conduct except for molecular acids

Question 19

colligative properties are dependent on

Answer 19

concentration only

Question 20

vapor pressure

Answer 20

colligative property: increase in concentration will decrease v.p.

Question 21

boiling point elevation

Answer 21

colligative property; b.p. of any solvent is elevated (increased) by the addition of any solute

Question 22

freezing point depression

Answer 22

colligative property; increase in concentration will decrease freezing point

Question 23

dilution problems

Answer 23

M1V1=M2V2

Question 24

molal boiling point constant (Kb)

Answer 24

one mole of a soluble molecular solute in one kg of solvent (H2O) will increase the b.p. by 0.512 ℃/m

Question 25

boiling point elevation equations

Answer 25

b.p. ↑ = m x Kb x ﹟Particles

△T = m x Kb x ℹ︎

Question 26

molal freezing point constant (Kf)

Answer 26

one mole of a moleular solute in one Kg of water decreases the f.p. by 1.86 ℃/m

Question 27

f.p. depression equations

Answer 27

f.p. ↓ = m x Kf x # Particles

△T = m x Kf x ℹ︎