Liquids and Solids

Question 1

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 1

exist in closed space between liquids and solids; the rate of evaporation = the rate of condensation

Question 2

vapor pressure

Answer 2

the pressure exerted by gaseous water molecules in a liquid, dependent on temperature only

Question 3

boiling point

Answer 3

when the vapor pressure = the surface pressure

Question 4

normal boiling point

Answer 4

boiling point at 1 atm of pressure

Question 5

melting point

Answer 5

when the energy is increased enough for the bonds to be overcome, proportional to the strengths of bonds

Question 6

ionic solids

Answer 6

1.high melting points 2.decompose instead of melt

Question 7

hydroxides

Answer 7

metal oxide and water: 2NaOH(s) > Na2O(s) + H2O(l)

Question 8

carbonates

Answer 8

metal oxide and carbon dioxide: CaCO3(s) > CaO(s) + CO2(g)

Question 9

chlorates

Answer 9

chloride salt and oxygen: 2KClO3(s) > 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)

Question 10

molecular solids

Answer 10

1.high molecular masses 2.low melting points 3.sublimation

Question 11

density of solid water

Answer 11

0.99987 g/mL

Question 12

density of liquid water

Answer 12

1.000 g/mL

Question 13

covalent network solids

Answer 13

1.strong bonds 2.hard melting points 3. nonmetals 4.ex: graphite, diamond, quartz, silicon

Question 14

amourphous solids

Answer 14

1.lack crystalline structure 2.no distinct melting point 3.ex: glass, wax, plastic

Question 15

simple cubic

Answer 15

carbon, silicon

Question 16

body-centered cubic

Answer 16

all alkali metals, Cr, V, Fe, W, Ba

Question 17

face-centered cubic

Answer 17

Al, Ca, Sr, Ni, Cu, P

Question 18

specific heat (Cp)

Answer 18

energy required to raise the temperature of any substance by one degree Celsius

Question 19

CpH2O(s)

Answer 19

0.500 cal/gC

Question 20

CpH2O(l)

Answer 20

1.00 cal/gC

Question 21

CpH2O(g)

Answer 21

0.500 cal/gC

Question 22

heat of fusion(_Hfus)

Answer 22

energy required to melt 1.0 g of any substance

Question 23

_Hfus(H2O)

Answer 23

80.0 cal/g

Question 24

heat of vaporation (_Hvap)

Answer 24

amount of energy required to vaporize 1.0 g of any substance

Question 25

_Hvap(H2O)

Answer 25

540. cal/g

Question 26

triple point

Answer 26

when liquid, solid, and gas exist in the same conditions