Chemical Bonding Flashcards
ionic bonds
strong bonds, salts, electronegativity difference greater than 1.7
ionic bond
formed when a metallic atom transfers an electron to a nonmetallic atom
lattice structure
which are repeating units with strong intermolecular attractive forces
physical properties of ionic compunds
1.solids at room temperature 2.conductors in the molten (liquid) sate 3.non-conductors in solid state 4.electrolytes in aqueous state
covalent bonding
when electron pairs are shared between two atoms; group 6 nonmetals and group 7 nonmetals, N, P, C, Si, and H
types of covalent bonds
1.single bond (sigma bond) 2.double bond (pi bond) 3.triple bond (sigma bond and 2 pi bonds)
properties of molecular (covalently bonded) substances
1.low m.p. 2.non-electrolytes (except for acids) 3.do not dissociate (except acids) 4.mostly liquids at room temp
VSEPR Thoery
valance shell electrons pair repulsion theory: affect the molecular geometry of a molecule
linear
180 degrees
trigonal planar
120 degrees
tetrahedral
109.5 degrees
trigonal pyramidal
107 degrees
angular bent
104.5 degrees
molecular polarity
exists when there is an uneven distribution of electrons about the central atom, lack symmetry
bond polarity
determined though electronegativity differences; < or = to 0.3 then non covalent, 0.3-1.7 polar covalent, > or = to 1.7 then ionic
