Chemical Equilibrium

Question 1

chemical equilibrium

Answer 1

established when two opposite reactions occur at the SAME RATE, with no observable changes taking place

Question 2

equilibrium is affected by…

Answer 2

temperature, pressure, and concentration

Question 3

conditions required for equilibrium

Answer 3

1. system is closed
2. opposite reactions occur at the same RATE
3. equilibrium is established by starting the reaction with either the reactants or the products

Question 4

Le Chatelier’s Principle

Answer 4

if a system is in a state of equilibrium and i subjected to change or stress, the equilibrium will shift to counteract the imposed change, and a new state of equilibrium will be established

Question 5

pressure effects on equilibrium

Answer 5

1. ↑ pressure will shift equilibrium to the side with the fewest number of gas particles
2. ↓ pressure will shift equilibrium to the side with the greatest number of gas particles

Question 6

temperature effects on equilibrium

Answer 6

1. ↑ temp. will favor the endothermic reaction

2. ↓ temp. will favor the exothermic reaction

Question 7

concentration effects on equilibrium

Answer 7

1. ↑ concentration of any reactant or product will shift the equilibrium to the opposite side
2. ↓ in concentration of any reactant or product will shift the equilibrium to the same side

Question 8

Haber Process

Answer 8

industrial synthesis of ammonia gas under optimal conditions
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) + 92.4KJ
high pressure, low temperature, remove ammonia gas after it is produced

Question 9

equilibrium constant (Keq)

Answer 9

Keq = [products] / [reactants]; Keq > 1, the products are favored; Keq < 1, the reactants are favored

Question 10

solubility product constant (Ksp)

Answer 10

used to determine the amount o solubility for any solid, must be dissociation equations
Ksp = [products] / [reactants]

Question 11

equilibrium constants for acids and bases (Ka, Kb)

Answer 11

Ka and Kb = [products] / [reactants]; Ka > 1, strong acid; Kb > 1 strong base

Question 12

amphiprotic

Answer 12

acts as both acid and base