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Endocrine > Water physiology > Flashcards

Water physiology Flashcards

1
Q

How is the concentration of Na worked out?

A

How many moles of Na per 1L water

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2
Q

True or False

Water will follow sodium

A

True

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3
Q

Intracellularly, what is sodium exchanged for?

A

Hydrogen or potassium

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4
Q

Which steroids have mineralocorticoid activity?

A

Aldosterone

Cortisol

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5
Q

What happens if there is too little mineralocorticoid activity?

A

sodium is lost

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6
Q

What happens to water when sodium is lost?

A

Water is also lost

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7
Q

What hormone controls water loss in the kidney?

A

Anti-diuretic hormone

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8
Q

Where is ADH released from?

A

Posterior pituitary

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9
Q

If there is lots of ADH released what does this mean in the urine?

A

Concentrated urine i.e. water retention

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10
Q

If concentration of sodium is reduced what are the two factors that cause this?

A

Too little sodium

Too much water

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11
Q

If sodium concentration is increased what causes it?

A

Too much sodium

Not enough water

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12
Q

What can cause too much water?

A

SIADH

syndrome of inappropriate ADH

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13
Q

What can cause too little sodium?

A

Kidney disease e.g. Addisons

Excess sweating

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14
Q

What can cause too little water?

A

Diabetes insipidus

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15
Q

What can cause too much sodium?

A

Rare.

High salt feeds in infants

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16
Q

What is Addison’s disease?

A

Adrenal insufficiency which results in lack of corticosteroids

17
Q

Why does Addison’s cause sodium loss?

A

Not enough steroid to regulate to can’t retain Na+ in kidneys so loses Na+ and H2O

18
Q

Why are Addisons patients hyperpigmented?

A

Excess ACTH from pituitary

19
Q

What is an Addisonian crisis?

A

Severe hypotension leading to coma

20
Q

Why might potassium be high in Addisons disease?

A

?

21
Q

What stimuli can cause too much water?

A

Hypovolaemia/hypotension
Pain
N&V

22
Q

How is water retained in SIADH?

A

ADH is secreted due to a stimuli and this causes water retention

23
Q

If ADH levels are not high enough what drug can be given?

A

Desmopressin

24
Q

What levels of sodium are worrying?

A

Less than 120

More than 155

Endocrine (20 decks)

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