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endocrine > Sex steroid physiology > Flashcards

Sex steroid physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a polar body?

A

Produced in oogenesis. Doesn’t have the ability to be fertilised

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2
Q

What does the presence of two polar bodies mean?

A

Sperm entry and completed 2nd meiotic division

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3
Q

What are the two stages of the ovarian cycle?

A

Follicular stage

Luteal stage

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4
Q

What is a primary follicle?

A

Primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells

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5
Q

What process ends the follicular phase?

A

Ovulation

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6
Q

What is the corpus luteum?

A

Follicular cells which are lutenised

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7
Q

What hormone does the corpus luteum secrete?

A

Progesterone

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8
Q

What does the progesterone do?

A

Prepares the uterus lining for implantation

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9
Q

How long does the corpus luteum grow for?

A

8-9

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10
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur?

A

It degenerates

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11
Q

What hormone does the hypothalamus secrete which acts on the anterior pituitary?

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRH

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12
Q

Which two hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete?

A

FSH

LH

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13
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Acts on the ovary and stimulates the development of follicles

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14
Q

What does LH do?

A

Acts on ovary and stimulates follicle maturation, ovulation and development of the corpus luteum

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15
Q

What are theca cells?

A

Cells which make up the follicle

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16
Q

What do theca cells do?

A

Produce androgen which are converted to oestrogens

17
Q

What does oestradiol do?

A

Thickens the endometrium and thins cervical mucus

18
Q

What suppresses FSH production?

A

Oestrogen

19
Q

What do the granulosa have?

A

LH receptors

20
Q

What happens to hormone levels during ovulation?

A

LH and FSH levels fall

21
Q

How is ovulation detected?

A

? High levels of LH

22
Q

What happens if no hCG is produced?

A

Corpus luteum degenerates and forms the corpus albicans

23
Q

What is the corpus albicans?

A

Connective tissue of type I collagen which forms form the corpus luteum

24
Q

Which enzyme converts androgens from theca cells to oestrogens?

A

Aromatase enzyme

25
Q

Where does the converting enzyme come from?

A

Granulosa cells

26
Q

What stimulates the theca cells to produce androgens?

A

LH

27
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Stimulates granulosa cells to convert androgens

28
Q

In which phase of the cycle is LH high?

A

Follicular phase

29
Q

What will inhibit FSH?

A

High oestrogen levels due to negative feedback

30
Q

What happens when oestrogen peaks?

A

LH rises

31
Q

What happens when LH rises?

A

Ovulation occurs

32
Q

What happens during ovulation?

A

Oocyte is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube

33
Q

What do the granulosa and theca cells develop into?

A

Corpus luteum

34
Q

If progesterone levels are too high what will happen?

A

FSH/ LH is inhibited

endocrine (20 decks)

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