Diabetes type 2

Question 1

In what 3 forms is energy found in the body?

Answer 1

Glycogen in the muscles
Glycogen in the liver
Free glucose
Fat

Question 2

By which receptor does glucose enter the cell?

Answer 2

GLUT2

Question 3

What causes K channels to close?

Answer 3

Increased ATP levels

Question 4

What opens Ca++ channels?

Answer 4

Cell depolarisation due to less K+ ions

Question 5

What happens when Ca++ levels?

Answer 5

Causes release of insulin from insulin granules

Question 6

In which cells of the body does insulin release occur?

Answer 6

Beta cells in pancreas

Question 7

What is insulin required for?

Answer 7

Lipolysis
Glucose production in liver
Glucose uptake in muscle

Question 8

What are the core defects of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 8

Insulin resistance

B cell dysfunction

Question 9

What causes insulin resistance?

Answer 9

Both cctopic fat accumulation and

increased CRP lead to inhibition via serine kinases

Question 10

True or False

PCOS is related to DM2

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False

Foetal malnutrition is linked with DM 2

Answer 11

True

Question 12

True or False

Ehlers Danlos syndrome has a link to DM2

Answer 12

False

Question 13

True or False

Apple shaped people are more likely to develop DM2

Answer 13

False.

Pears more likely.

Question 14

Why can microvascular neuropathies occur before diagnosis?

Answer 14

Often have diabetes 2 for 10 years before diagnosis

Question 15

What kind of complications can be present in DM2?

Answer 15

Retinopathy
Neuropathy
Erectile dysfunction
Nephropathy

Question 16

What waist:hip ratio has an increased CV risk in women and in men?

Answer 16

Women: >0.85

Men : >0.9

Question 17

How common is gestational diabetes?

Answer 17

5% of pregnant women

Question 18

What HbA1c is target in pregnancy?

Answer 18

43mmol/L

Question 19

Which drug can be used safely in pregnancy?

Answer 19

Metformin

Glibenclamide

Question 20

Which HLA type makes type 2 more likely?

Answer 20

HLA-DR

HLA-DQ