Water, Major minerals, and trace minerals Flashcards
fluids in a cell
intracellular fluids
fluids outside of cells
extracellular fluids
extra cellular fluids that surround each cell
interstitial fluids
extracellular fluids in blood vessels
intravascular fluids
thirst is sensed by…
mouth, hypothalamus, nerves
when too much water is lost from the body and not replaced
dehydration
too much water that dilute solute concentration in the blood
hyponatremia
help maintain healthy kidneys and prevent kidney stones from forming
adequate intake of fluids
water that has high concentration of calcium and magnesium
hard water
water that has high concentration of sodium and potassium
soft water
instructions on whether to release or retain substances or water come from
ADH, renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone
blood volume or blood pressure is too low or the extra cellular fluid is too concentrated. the pituitary gland releases this hormone that that makes the kidneys reabsorb water
antiduretic hormone (ADH)
cells release this enzyme which causes the kidneys to reabsorb sodium
renin
protein in the liver, hydrolized by renin, that help in raising blood pressure by vasoconstriction
angiotensin
hormone from adrenal gland that signals the kidneys to excrete potassium and retain sodium
aldosterone
sodium cation
intra=10
extra=142
potassium
intrta=150
extra=5
calcium
intra=2
extra=5
magnesium
intra=202
extra=155
chloride
intra=2
extra=103
phosphate
intra=103
extra=2
sulfate
imtra=20
extra=1
proteins
intra=57
extra=16
the amount of pressure needed to prevent water from crossing a membrane
osmotic pressure
what can cause electrolyte imbalance in body?
- prolonged vomiting and diarrhea
- excessive sweating
- burns
- traumatic wounds
what is lost during vomitting and diarrhea and heavy sweating
sodium
what is lost durirng adrenal glands over secrete aldosterone ( tumor)
potassium
what is lost during uncontrolled diabetes
glucose
systems that help the fluctuation of PH
- buffers
- respiration
- excretion in kidneys
serve as buffers
- bicarbonate
- carbonic acid
in respiration, hyperventilation suggests?
hypoventilation suggests?
- buildup of carbonic acid
- build up of bicarbonates
captures iron from food when the body needs it
ferritin
two forms of iron
hemeiron
nonhemeiron
transport protein that delivers iron to bone marrow
tranferrin
protein where iron is stored in either liver or bone marow
ferritin
hemosiderin
hormone produced by liver that manages iron balance
hepcidin
stages of iron deficiency
- ) iron stores deminish
- )decrease in transport protein, transferrin
- )lack of iron limits hemoglobin production
