Vitamins A, D, E, K Flashcards
what do fat soluble vitamins require for digestion?
bile
Where are excess fat soluble vitamins stored?
liver and adipose tissue
three different forms of vitamin A
(Retinoids)
- Retinal
- retinol
- retnoic acid
picks up vitamin A from liver
Retinol-binding protein
What vitamin A can you expect to find in
- animal foods
- plant foods
- retinoids
- carotenoids from plant foods
- Retinoids can be converted to?
- carotenoids can be converted to?
- retinol
- retinal
Roles of Viramin A
- Promote vision
- protein synthesis and cell differentiation, (maintaining health of epithelial tissue and skin)
- supporting reproduction and regulating growth
In vision vitamin A plays two roles
- maintain clear cornea
- participates in the conversion of light energy to impulses in retina
Vitamin A reproductive role in men and women
- in men retinol participates in sperm development
- in women, vitamin A support normal fetal development
Two roles of beta-carotenes
- vitamin A precursor
- antioxident
Vitamin A deficiency
- vitamin A supports immune function and inhibits the growth of measles virus
- night blindness (lack of Vitamin A in retina)
- blindness ( Lack of vitamin A in the cornea)
- keratinization
Vitamin A toxicity
- may weaken the bones (osteoporosis)
- during pregnancy, can cause abnormal cell death in spinal cord and cause birth defects.
- hypervitaminosis A
- increased activity of osteoclast
- liver abnormalities
Food sources of vitamin A
- )Retinol
- )Beta-carotene
- )-fortified milk
- cheese
- butter
- eggs
- liver - )-green leafy vegetable( spinach,broccoli)
- deep orange fruits (apricots, cantaloupe)
- vegetable(squash, carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin)
Two types of vitamin D
D2 and D3
Role of vitamin D in the body
- serves as a hormone when activated
- assist in absorption of calcium and phosphorus( assist in bone growth)
- protects against cognitive decline (slow progression of parkinsons)
- encourage growth
- protects against type 2 diabetes
Deficiency of vitamin D
- )Rickets
- mishapen bones in children
- rib deformities
- enlargment of ends in long bones
- muscle spasm
- large head - )osteomalacia or osteoporosis
- soft,brittle,flexible bones
- weakness
- pain
Toxicity of vitamin D
- )hypervitaminosis D
- elevated calcium levels
- calcification of soft tissue
vitamin D rich foods
- synthesized in the body through sun light
- milk
- margarine
- butter
- juices
- cereal
- beef
- egg yolk
- liver
- fatty fish and their oils
Vitamin E roles
- antioxidant, one of body’s main defense against free radicals
- reduce risk of heart disease
- )Two types of vitamin E
2. ) what is the only one maintained in the body and can meet the body needs for vitamin E
- tocopherol and tocotrienols
- alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E deficiency
- erythrocyte hemolysis
- RBC breaking
What can cause Vitamin E deficiency
fat malabsorption
Vitamin E toxicity
Augments anticloting
Vitamin e food sources
- polyunstaurated fat oils
- dark green leafy vegetables (spinach, broccoli)
- wheat germ
- whole grain
- liver
- egg yolk
- nuts
- seeds
- fatty meats
Vitamin K role
- activation of proteins and minerals responsible for blood clotting
- metabolism of bone proteins
Vitamin K deficiency
hemorrhaging
Vitamin k sources
bacterial synthesis in digestive tract liver dark green leafy vegetables cabbage type vegetables milk
