Vitamins A, D, E, K

Question 1

what do fat soluble vitamins require for digestion?

Answer 1

bile

Question 2

Where are excess fat soluble vitamins stored?

Answer 2

liver and adipose tissue

Question 3

three different forms of vitamin A

Answer 3

(Retinoids)

• Retinal
• retinol
• retnoic acid

Question 4

picks up vitamin A from liver

Answer 4

Retinol-binding protein

Question 5

What vitamin A can you expect to find in

• animal foods
• plant foods

Answer 5

• retinoids

- carotenoids from plant foods

Question 6

• Retinoids can be converted to?

- carotenoids can be converted to?

Answer 6

• retinol

- retinal

Question 7

Roles of Viramin A

Answer 7

• Promote vision
• protein synthesis and cell differentiation, (maintaining health of epithelial tissue and skin)
• supporting reproduction and regulating growth

Question 8

In vision vitamin A plays two roles

Answer 8

• maintain clear cornea

- participates in the conversion of light energy to impulses in retina

Question 9

Vitamin A reproductive role in men and women

Answer 9

• in men retinol participates in sperm development

- in women, vitamin A support normal fetal development

Question 10

Two roles of beta-carotenes

Answer 10

• vitamin A precursor

- antioxident

Question 11

Vitamin A deficiency

Answer 11

• vitamin A supports immune function and inhibits the growth of measles virus
• night blindness (lack of Vitamin A in retina)
• blindness ( Lack of vitamin A in the cornea)
• keratinization

Question 12

Vitamin A toxicity

Answer 12

• may weaken the bones (osteoporosis)
• during pregnancy, can cause abnormal cell death in spinal cord and cause birth defects.
• hypervitaminosis A
• increased activity of osteoclast
• liver abnormalities

Question 13

Food sources of vitamin A

1. )Retinol
2. )Beta-carotene

Answer 13

1. )-fortified milk
   - cheese
   - butter
   - eggs
   - liver
2. )-green leafy vegetable( spinach,broccoli)
   - deep orange fruits (apricots, cantaloupe)
   - vegetable(squash, carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin)

Question 14

Two types of vitamin D

Answer 14

D2 and D3

Question 15

Role of vitamin D in the body

Answer 15

• serves as a hormone when activated
• assist in absorption of calcium and phosphorus( assist in bone growth)
• protects against cognitive decline (slow progression of parkinsons)
• encourage growth
• protects against type 2 diabetes

Question 16

Deficiency of vitamin D

Answer 16

1. )Rickets
   - mishapen bones in children
   - rib deformities
   - enlargment of ends in long bones
   - muscle spasm
   - large head
2. )osteomalacia or osteoporosis
   - soft,brittle,flexible bones
   - weakness
   - pain

Question 17

Toxicity of vitamin D

Answer 17

1. )hypervitaminosis D
   - elevated calcium levels
   - calcification of soft tissue

Question 18

vitamin D rich foods

Answer 18

• synthesized in the body through sun light
• milk
• margarine
• butter
• juices
• cereal
• beef
• egg yolk
• liver
• fatty fish and their oils

Question 19

Vitamin E roles

Answer 19

• antioxidant, one of body’s main defense against free radicals
• reduce risk of heart disease

Question 20

1. )Two types of vitamin E

2. ) what is the only one maintained in the body and can meet the body needs for vitamin E

Answer 20

• tocopherol and tocotrienols

- alpha tocopherol

Question 21

Vitamin E deficiency

Answer 21

• erythrocyte hemolysis

- RBC breaking

Question 22

What can cause Vitamin E deficiency

Answer 22

fat malabsorption

Question 23

Vitamin E toxicity

Answer 23

Augments anticloting

Question 24

Vitamin e food sources

Answer 24

• polyunstaurated fat oils
• dark green leafy vegetables (spinach, broccoli)
• wheat germ
• whole grain
• liver
• egg yolk
• nuts
• seeds
• fatty meats

Question 25

Vitamin K role

Answer 25

• activation of proteins and minerals responsible for blood clotting
• metabolism of bone proteins

Question 26

Vitamin K deficiency

Answer 26

hemorrhaging

Question 27

Vitamin k sources

Answer 27

bacterial synthesis in digestive tract
liver
dark green leafy vegetables
cabbage type vegetables
milk