Digestion, absorption, and transport

Question 1

breaking down of food into nutrients in preparation for absorption

Answer 1

digestion

Question 2

extends from mouth, through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum to the anus.

Answer 2

gastrointestinal tract

Question 3

inner space of the GI tract

Answer 3

Lumen

Question 4

where digestion starts

Answer 4

mouth

Question 5

digestion in the mouth

Answer 5

chewing and fluids

Question 6

5 tastes

Answer 6

• sweet
• sour
• bitter
• salty
• umami

Question 7

• a short tube shared by both digestive and respiratory tract
• after the mouth food goes through

Answer 7

-pharynx

Question 8

closes off the airways to prevent chocking

Answer 8

-epiglottis

Question 9

food that is chewed and swallowed

Answer 9

bolus

Question 10

after pharynx, food goes through

Answer 10

the esophagus going through both upper then the lower esophageal sphincter

Question 11

in the stomach, bolus is eventually turned into?

Answer 11

chyme

Question 12

in the stomach, chyme exits through the?

Answer 12

pyloric sphincter

Question 13

in the stomach, the food enters through the?

Answer 13

lower esophageal sphincter

Question 14

opening at the beginning of the small intestine

Answer 14

common bile duct

Question 15

the common bile duct delivers fluids into the small intestine from the?

Answer 15

• gallbladder

- pancreas

Question 16

3 segments of small intestine

Answer 16

• duodenum
• jejunum
• ileum

Question 17

the remaining contents exit the small intestine through which valve?(located at the beginning of the large intestine)

Answer 17

ileocecal valve

Question 18

the tightening and relaxing of the ring muscles around the GI tract that pushes the intestinal contents along.

Answer 18

peristalsis

Question 19

factors that affect normal GI tract contraction

Answer 19

• meddicine
• stress
• medical condition

Question 20

the thickest wall and the strongest muscles of all GI tract organs

Answer 20

stomach

Question 21

digestion in the stomach

Answer 21

• churning

- gastric juices

Question 22

the contraction in the intestinal walls that allow chyme to mix with the digestive juices and the absorbing cells

Answer 22

segmentation

Question 23

prevents reflux of stomach content

Answer 23

cardiac sphincter also known as lower esophageal sphincter

Question 24

the breakdown of food into nutrients require secretions from five different organs

Answer 24

• salivary glands
• stomach
• pancreas
• liver/gallbladder
• small intestine

Question 25

• protects teeth and linings of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach from harmful substances
• moisten food so that it passes easily down the esophagus
• breaks down carbohydrate

Answer 25

-saliva

Question 26

secret gastric juice

Answer 26

gastric glands

Question 27

primarily protein digestion

Answer 27

gastric juices

Question 28

digestive juices from pancreas that acts on all three nutrients and raises the ph of chyme that enters the small intestine

Answer 28

pancreatic juice

Question 29

small finger like structure found in the surface of the small intestine? which, when magnified, would reveal?

Answer 29

• villi

- microvilli

Question 30

crevices between the villi that secret gastric juices

Answer 30

crypts

Question 31

secret mucus in the small intestine

Answer 31

goblet cell

Question 32

directs blood to the liver

Answer 32

hepatic portal vein

Question 33

after the hepatic portal vein supplies blood to the liver

Answer 33

blood goes to the hepatic vein which returns blood to heart

Question 34

three GI hormones

Answer 34

• gastrin
• secretin
• chylocystokinin

Question 35

secreted into the stomach to maintain acidic PH

Answer 35

gastrin

Question 36

bicarbonate rich juices secreted in the small intestine in order to maintain slightly alkaline ph

Answer 36

Secretin

Question 37

bile secreted into the small intestine to emulsify fats

Answer 37

cholecystokinin