Digestion, absorption, and transport Flashcards
breaking down of food into nutrients in preparation for absorption
digestion
extends from mouth, through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum to the anus.
gastrointestinal tract
inner space of the GI tract
Lumen
where digestion starts
mouth
digestion in the mouth
chewing and fluids
5 tastes
- sweet
- sour
- bitter
- salty
- umami
- a short tube shared by both digestive and respiratory tract
- after the mouth food goes through
-pharynx
closes off the airways to prevent chocking
-epiglottis
food that is chewed and swallowed
bolus
after pharynx, food goes through
the esophagus going through both upper then the lower esophageal sphincter
in the stomach, bolus is eventually turned into?
chyme
in the stomach, chyme exits through the?
pyloric sphincter
in the stomach, the food enters through the?
lower esophageal sphincter
opening at the beginning of the small intestine
common bile duct
the common bile duct delivers fluids into the small intestine from the?
- gallbladder
- pancreas
3 segments of small intestine
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
the remaining contents exit the small intestine through which valve?(located at the beginning of the large intestine)
ileocecal valve
the tightening and relaxing of the ring muscles around the GI tract that pushes the intestinal contents along.
peristalsis
factors that affect normal GI tract contraction
- meddicine
- stress
- medical condition
the thickest wall and the strongest muscles of all GI tract organs
stomach
digestion in the stomach
- churning
- gastric juices
the contraction in the intestinal walls that allow chyme to mix with the digestive juices and the absorbing cells
segmentation
prevents reflux of stomach content
cardiac sphincter also known as lower esophageal sphincter
the breakdown of food into nutrients require secretions from five different organs
- salivary glands
- stomach
- pancreas
- liver/gallbladder
- small intestine
- protects teeth and linings of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach from harmful substances
- moisten food so that it passes easily down the esophagus
- breaks down carbohydrate
-saliva
secret gastric juice
gastric glands
primarily protein digestion
gastric juices
digestive juices from pancreas that acts on all three nutrients and raises the ph of chyme that enters the small intestine
pancreatic juice
small finger like structure found in the surface of the small intestine? which, when magnified, would reveal?
- villi
- microvilli
crevices between the villi that secret gastric juices
crypts
secret mucus in the small intestine
goblet cell
directs blood to the liver
hepatic portal vein
after the hepatic portal vein supplies blood to the liver
blood goes to the hepatic vein which returns blood to heart
three GI hormones
- gastrin
- secretin
- chylocystokinin
secreted into the stomach to maintain acidic PH
gastrin
bicarbonate rich juices secreted in the small intestine in order to maintain slightly alkaline ph
Secretin
bile secreted into the small intestine to emulsify fats
cholecystokinin
