Water, Electrolytes and Acid base

Question 1

Caused by decreased water intake and loss H2O.
- seen in central diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes, or insensible respiratory losses

Answer 1

H2O deficiti (w/out Na)

Question 2

pathogenic state of dehydration
- due to alimentary losses, renal losses, cutaneous losses

Answer 2

H2O and Na+ deficit

Question 3

Type of dehydration:
due to net hypoosmolar or hypotonic fluid loss
H2O loss > Na+ loss

Answer 3

Hypernatremic/ Hyperosmolal/ Hypertonic dehydration

Question 4

type of dehydration due to isoosmolar or isotonic loss
H2O = Na+ loss

Answer 4

Normonatremic / Isoosmolar / Isotonic dehydration

Question 5

Type of dehydration due to hypoosmolar or hypotonic fluid loss
H2O < Na+ loss

Answer 5

Hyponatremic / Hypoosmolar / Hypotonic Dehydration

Question 6

is the number of solute particles/ unit weight of solution

Answer 6

Osmolalilty

Question 7

is the number of solute / unit volume of solution

Answer 7

Osmolarity

Question 8

ECF osmolality is maintained around?

Answer 8

300 mOsm/kg

Question 9

Is the effective osmolality of a solution

Answer 9

Tonicity

Question 10

Total CO2 content

Answer 10

Measured in serum or heparized plasma by enzymatic or ion selective electrode technique (blood samples should completely full the sample tube).

Question 11

Provide rapid, non-invasive evaluation of oxygen saturation of arterial hemoglobin (SAO2)

Answer 11

Pulse oximetry

Question 12

Major electrolytes

Answer 12

Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)
Chlorine (Cl-)
Bicarbonate (HCO3)

Question 13

is a calculated value used in medicine to asses and diagnose certain metabolic disorders and acid-base imbalances.

Answer 13

Anion Gap

Question 14

Normal anion gap in dogs and cats

Answer 14

10-20 mEq/L

Question 15

Elevated Anion gap suggests what>

Answer 15

Metabolic acidosis
Ketoacidosis or lactic acidosis

Question 16

What is the preferred sample for electrolyte analysis?

Answer 16

Serum
- heparinized plasma can also be used

Question 17

Decreased Anion Gap (AG) is observed in what conditions

Answer 17

hemodilution, hypoalbuminemia, hypercalcemia