Leukocytes

Question 1

Mammalian leukocytes include what?

Answer 1

neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte

Question 2

The avian equivalent of mammalian neutrophils

Answer 2

Heterophils

Question 3

(Mammals) have multiple nuclear lobes separated by constrictions (polymorphonuclear) and have colorless to pink cytoplasm.

Answer 3

Neutrophils

Question 3

Stain reddish-purple with Romanowsky stains but generally do not stain and are not visible after the promyelocyte stage of development,

Answer 3

Primary or azurophilic granules

Question 4

Granule contents include microbiocidal elements (lactoferrin, lysozyme, cathelicidins) and enzymes (collagenase, apolactoferrin plasminogen activator)
-usually not visible with Romanowsky stain.

Answer 4

Secondary or specific granules

Question 5

Stages of Neutrophil maturation

Answer 5

1. Myeloblast
2. Promyelocyte (progranulocyte)
   3.Myelocyte
3. Metamyelocyte
   5.Band
4. Segmenter

Question 6

Compartments of the bone marrow neutrophils

Answer 6

Proliferation or Mitotic compartment
-Myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes
Maturation stage compartment
-Metamyelocytes, bands, segmenter

Question 7

Mechanisms for increased neutrophil production

Answer 7

1. Increased stem cell recruitment
2. Increased effective granulopoiesis
3. Shortened marrow transit or maturation time.

Question 8

Neutrophil release is mediated by?

Answer 8

G-CSF, GM-CSF, C5a, tumor necrosis factor

Question 9

Primary function of neutrophils

Answer 9

Phagocytosis and microbial action; effectively conducted in tissue but not in blood.
1. Adherence to and emigration
2. Chemotaxis
3.Ingestion and degranulation
4. Bacterial killing

Question 10

Generally the largest leukocytes circulating in health. the nucleus is Oval, reniform, bilobed, or trilobed with lacelike chromatin. Cytoplasm is blue-gray, granular, and may or may not have vacuoles.

Answer 10

Monocyte

Question 11

Maturation sequence of a monocyte

Answer 11

1. Monoblast
2. Promonocyte
3. Monocyte

Question 12

have two to three nuclear lobes separated by constrictions

Answer 12

Eosinophils

Question 13

Eosinophil function

Answer 13

They attach to and kill helminths in a process mediated by antibody, complement, and T lymphocyte perforins. They may also suppress hypersensitivity reactions.

Question 14

Basophil function

Answer 14

-Participation in immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions (Histamine release)
-Promotion of lipid metabolism
-Prevention and promotion of hemostasis via heparin release and kallikrein activity.

Question 15

an increase in the total WBC count

Answer 15

Leukocytosis

Question 16

Increase in neutrophils

Answer 16

Neutrophilia

Question 17

decrease in the total WBC count

Answer 17

Leukopenia

Question 18

The cytoplasm of toxic neutrophils has a diffuse blue color from retained ribosomes

Answer 18

Cytoplasmic basophilia

Question 19

Foamy appearance. a more severe manifestation of toxic change. This change results from cytoplasmic granule dissolution

Answer 19

Cytoplasmic vacuolation

Question 20

These structures are blue to gray, angular, cytoplasmic inclusions representing retained aggregates of rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 20

Dohle bodies