Lab Specimen and Biosafety Flashcards by Roleene Kate Vale

Medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on laboratory analysis of bodily fluids such as blood, urine, as well as tissues, using the tools of Chemistry, Clinical microbiology, hematology and mol. pathology.

Clinical Pathology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Basic Clinical Pathology Procedures

-Hematology
-Serology
-Cytology
-Histology
-Microbiology
-toxicology
-clinical Biochemistry
-Fluid analysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Preparation, Collection, Transport of Lab Specimens

-Adequate & aseptically collection/preparation of specimen.
-standard protocols for specimen submission and collection
-detailed case history
-indication for potential zoonotic diseases
-containers must be waterproof, and sealed and written with waterproof markers.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Collection of Laboratory specimen

-Select an animal that is in a good state of preservation.
-Avoid contamination with hair
-Submit organs and such in individual containers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identification of Laboratory Specimens

-Complete history
-Owner’s name and address
-Date and time of specimen collected
-Signalment of animal
-duration of condition/outbreak
-morbidity & mortality rate
-No. of animals affected
-Clinical signs observed
-Necropsy findings
-Treatment history and vaccination record.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Preservation of Laboratory Specimen (Refrigeration)

-Natural Ice (8-12hrs)
-Dry Ice (specimen should not be directly placed to avoid freezer burns

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Preservation of Laboratory Specimen (Chemical Preservatives)

-Fixing solution (10% buffered formalin)
-Bactericidal solutions (10% formalin for fecal samples)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chemical preservative used for urine samples

Toluene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chemical preservative used for glucose and sediments

Thymol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A sediment preservative (Chemical preservative)

Formalin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Preservation method for Viral Isolations

Frozen specimen
Transport medium: normal saline solution with 1% gelatin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Record Keeping

-Patient ID
-Owner’s Name/Farm name
-signalment of the animal
-Test required
-Date of Testing
-Clinician’s Name
-Results and Remarks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Factors affecting quality of specimens (Pre-analytical)

-Right specimen
-Right Collection
-Right Labelling
-Right quantity
-Right transport
-Right storage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Factors Affecting quality of specimens (Analytical)

-Laboratory Professionals
-Reagents
-Equipment
-Selection of test
-records
-Biosafety

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Factors affecting quality of specimens (Post analytical)

Recording
Interpretation
Turnaround time
Report to right user

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A set of practices, rules, and regulation system which primarily aims to prevent unwanted circumstances, and also aims to attain safe handling of toxic and dangerous biological and chemical substances

Biosafety

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Biohazard symbol

Blaze-orange
made by Charles Baldwin at National Caner Institute at NIH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Biosafety Issues

Laboratory issues
Bloodborne pathogens (BBP)
Recombinant DNA (rDNA)
biological waste disposal
Infectious substance and diagnostic specimen shipping
Respiratory infection
Bioterrorism and Select agents

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Biohazardous Materials

Virus
Bacteria
Fungi
Chlamydiae/Rickettsiae
PRIONS
rDNA
Transgenic Plants, animals & insects

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

General requirements when designing for safety

Facility design
Water supply, sinks for handwashing
Ventilation
Standard lab practices

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Universal Safety Precautions

Consider all specimens potentially infectious for HIV and Bloodborne infections
Specimens in a leakproof containers
Use of gloves while handling samples
Use of facemask, glasses and gowns if there is a likelihood of spattering
Cover cuts or abrasions present over skin with waterproof bandage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Biosafety levels 1

-Well characterized agents
-Agents not known to cause disease
-Prophylactic treatment available
-Open bench procedures
-animal in open cage systems or open environment
-Good laboratory practice

Risk of group 1 agents (BSL 1)

-E.coli
-transgenic plants
plasmids
fungi
mold
yeast

BSL 1 practice

-bench top work allowed
-Daily decontamination
-Manual pipetting
-required handwashing
-red bag waste
-2 degree containment

Risk group 2 agents

-Human or primate cells -Herpes simplex virus -Replication incompetent Attenuated Human Immunodeficiency Virus -Patient specimen

BSL 2 Practice

-Limited Access to lab when working -Daily decontamination -Mechanical Pipetting -required: lab coat & safety glasses -Red bag and sharps container -Biohazard -Label all equipment -TC room -Documented training -Baseline serology or pre-vaccination required

BSL-2

-Autoclave available -Eyewash station available

Risk group 3 Agents

-Human immunodeficiency Virus -Mycobacterium tuberculosis -Coxiella burnetti

BSL 3

working in higher containment -Indigenous or exotic agents -aerosol transmission -serious health effects -treatment may or may not exist

BSL-3 Practices

-Public access Not permitted -Daily decontamination after spill and upon completion of experiment -Autoclave required and waste is disposed at the end of day -required foot activated handwashing sink and controls -No sharps unless absolutely necessary -Air flow from low hazard to high hazard

BSL-3 safety equipment

BSL 1 + BSL 2 BSC class II or III to manipulate infectious material -Respiratory protection may be indicated

BSL-4 practices

Maximum containment - Clothing change before entering lab -Shower on exit -All materials decontaminated on exit from facility

BSL - 4 safety equipment

Class III Biosafety cabinet -full-body, air supplied (Positive personnel suit) -chemical decontamination showers -Liquid effluent collection / decontamination

the use of a physical or chemical procedure to destroy all microbial life, including large numbers of highly resistant bacterial spores

Sterilization

use of a physical of chemical procedure to virtually eliminate all recognized pathogenic microorganisms but not all microbial forms (bacterial endospores) on inanimate objects

Disinfection

Category 1 Biomedical waste

Human anatomical waste (incineration/ deep burial)

Category 2 Biomedical waste

Animal waste | incineration / deep burial

Category 3 biomedical waste

Microbiology & biotechnology waste, liquid waste, waste from laboratory, Blood blanks, hospitals, etc. (local autoclaving/ microwaving/ incineration / disinfection by chemicals)

Category 4 biomedical waste

Sharps like needles, syringes, scalpels (disinfections: autoclaving, chemical, microwaving, mutilation, shredding)

Category 5 biomedical waste

Discarded Medicines, & cytotoxic drugs (incineration/ destruction & disposal in land fills)

Category 6 biomedical waste

Soiled wastes , items contaminated with blood, body fluids (Incineration, autoclaving, microwaving)

Category 7

Catheters, IV sets, etc (disinfection by chemical treatment/ autoclaving/microwaving/ mutilation & shredding)

Category 8 Biomedical waste

Chemical wastes (Chemical treatment & discharge into drains for liquid and secured landfills for solids)

Yellow disposal bag

Waste category 1,2,5,6 Treatment: Incineration

Red disposal bag

waste Category 3,4,7 Treatment: Disinfection, Autoclave, microwave, mutilation and shredding, Landfilling

Red disposal bag

waste Category 3,4,7 Treatment: Disinfection, Autoclave, microwave, mutilation and shredding

Blue disposal bag

Category 8

Blue disposal bag

Category 8

Black disposal bag

Municipal waste

BSL-1 location

High schools, community colleges, municipal drinking water treatment facillities

BSL-2 laboratory location

Local health departments, universities, state laboratories, private laboratories, industrial laboratories

BSL-3 laboratory location

State health departments, universities, private companies, industry, federal government (NIH, CDC)

BSL -4 laboratory location

only 15 facilities in US

Biosafety level 4 risk group

Lassa fever virus Ebola hemorrhagic Fever virus Marburg Virus Herpes B virus