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Clinical Pathology > Lab Specimen and Biosafety > Flashcards

Lab Specimen and Biosafety Flashcards

1
Q

Medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on laboratory analysis of bodily fluids such as blood, urine, as well as tissues, using the tools of Chemistry, Clinical microbiology, hematology and mol. pathology.

A

Clinical Pathology

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2
Q

Basic Clinical Pathology Procedures

A

-Hematology
-Serology
-Cytology
-Histology
-Microbiology
-toxicology
-clinical Biochemistry
-Fluid analysis

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3
Q

Preparation, Collection, Transport of Lab Specimens

A

-Adequate & aseptically collection/preparation of specimen.
-standard protocols for specimen submission and collection
-detailed case history
-indication for potential zoonotic diseases
-containers must be waterproof, and sealed and written with waterproof markers.

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4
Q

Collection of Laboratory specimen

A

-Select an animal that is in a good state of preservation.
-Avoid contamination with hair
-Submit organs and such in individual containers

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5
Q

Identification of Laboratory Specimens

A

-Complete history
-Owner’s name and address
-Date and time of specimen collected
-Signalment of animal
-duration of condition/outbreak
-morbidity & mortality rate
-No. of animals affected
-Clinical signs observed
-Necropsy findings
-Treatment history and vaccination record.

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6
Q

Preservation of Laboratory Specimen (Refrigeration)

A

-Natural Ice (8-12hrs)
-Dry Ice (specimen should not be directly placed to avoid freezer burns

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7
Q

Preservation of Laboratory Specimen (Chemical Preservatives)

A

-Fixing solution (10% buffered formalin)
-Bactericidal solutions (10% formalin for fecal samples)

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8
Q

Chemical preservative used for urine samples

A

Toluene

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9
Q

Chemical preservative used for glucose and sediments

A

Thymol

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10
Q

A sediment preservative (Chemical preservative)

A

Formalin

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11
Q

Preservation method for Viral Isolations

A

Frozen specimen
Transport medium: normal saline solution with 1% gelatin

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12
Q

Record Keeping

A

-Patient ID
-Owner’s Name/Farm name
-signalment of the animal
-Test required
-Date of Testing
-Clinician’s Name
-Results and Remarks

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13
Q

Factors affecting quality of specimens (Pre-analytical)

A

-Right specimen
-Right Collection
-Right Labelling
-Right quantity
-Right transport
-Right storage

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14
Q

Factors Affecting quality of specimens (Analytical)

A

-Laboratory Professionals
-Reagents
-Equipment
-Selection of test
-records
-Biosafety

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15
Q

Factors affecting quality of specimens (Post analytical)

A

Recording
Interpretation
Turnaround time
Report to right user

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16
Q

A set of practices, rules, and regulation system which primarily aims to prevent unwanted circumstances, and also aims to attain safe handling of toxic and dangerous biological and chemical substances

A

Biosafety

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17
Q

Biohazard symbol

A

Blaze-orange
made by Charles Baldwin at National Caner Institute at NIH

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18
Q

Biosafety Issues

A

Laboratory issues
Bloodborne pathogens (BBP)
Recombinant DNA (rDNA)
biological waste disposal
Infectious substance and diagnostic specimen shipping
Respiratory infection
Bioterrorism and Select agents

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19
Q

Biohazardous Materials

A

Virus
Bacteria
Fungi
Chlamydiae/Rickettsiae
PRIONS
rDNA
Transgenic Plants, animals & insects

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20
Q

General requirements when designing for safety

A

Facility design
Water supply, sinks for handwashing
Ventilation
Standard lab practices

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21
Q

Universal Safety Precautions

A
  1. Consider all specimens potentially infectious for HIV and Bloodborne infections
  2. Specimens in a leakproof containers
  3. Use of gloves while handling samples
  4. Use of facemask, glasses and gowns if there is a likelihood of spattering
  5. Cover cuts or abrasions present over skin with waterproof bandage
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22
Q

Biosafety levels 1

A

-Well characterized agents
-Agents not known to cause disease
-Prophylactic treatment available
-Open bench procedures
-animal in open cage systems or open environment
-Good laboratory practice

23
Q

Risk of group 1 agents (BSL 1)

A

-E.coli
-transgenic plants
plasmids
fungi
mold
yeast

24
Q

BSL 1 practice

A

-bench top work allowed
-Daily decontamination
-Manual pipetting
-required handwashing
-red bag waste
-2 degree containment

25
Q

Risk group 2 agents

A

-Human or primate cells
-Herpes simplex virus
-Replication incompetent Attenuated Human Immunodeficiency Virus
-Patient specimen

26
Q

BSL 2 Practice

A

-Limited Access to lab when working
-Daily decontamination
-Mechanical Pipetting
-required: lab coat & safety glasses
-Red bag and sharps container
-Biohazard
-Label all equipment
-TC room
-Documented training
-Baseline serology or pre-vaccination required

27
Q

BSL-2

A

-Autoclave available
-Eyewash station available

28
Q

Risk group 3 Agents

A

-Human immunodeficiency Virus
-Mycobacterium tuberculosis
-Coxiella burnetti

29
Q

BSL 3

A

working in higher containment
-Indigenous or exotic agents
-aerosol transmission
-serious health effects
-treatment may or may not exist

30
Q

BSL-3 Practices

A

-Public access Not permitted
-Daily decontamination after spill and upon completion of experiment
-Autoclave required and waste is disposed at the end of day
-required foot activated handwashing sink and controls
-No sharps unless absolutely necessary
-Air flow from low hazard to high hazard

31
Q

BSL-3 safety equipment

A

BSL 1 + BSL 2
BSC class II or III to manipulate infectious material
-Respiratory protection may be indicated

32
Q

BSL-4 practices

A

Maximum containment
- Clothing change before entering lab
-Shower on exit
-All materials decontaminated on exit from facility

33
Q

BSL - 4 safety equipment

A

Class III Biosafety cabinet
-full-body, air supplied (Positive personnel suit)
-chemical decontamination showers
-Liquid effluent collection / decontamination

34
Q

the use of a physical or chemical procedure to destroy all microbial life, including large numbers of highly resistant bacterial spores

A

Sterilization

35
Q

use of a physical of chemical procedure to virtually eliminate all recognized pathogenic microorganisms but not all microbial forms (bacterial endospores) on inanimate objects

A

Disinfection

36
Q

Category 1 Biomedical waste

A

Human anatomical waste (incineration/ deep burial)

37
Q

Category 2 Biomedical waste

A

Animal waste |
incineration / deep burial

38
Q

Category 3 biomedical waste

A

Microbiology & biotechnology waste, liquid waste, waste from laboratory, Blood blanks, hospitals, etc.

(local autoclaving/ microwaving/ incineration / disinfection by chemicals)

39
Q

Category 4 biomedical waste

A

Sharps like needles, syringes, scalpels
(disinfections: autoclaving, chemical, microwaving, mutilation, shredding)

40
Q

Category 5 biomedical waste

A

Discarded Medicines, & cytotoxic drugs
(incineration/ destruction & disposal in land fills)

41
Q

Category 6 biomedical waste

A

Soiled wastes , items contaminated with blood, body fluids
(Incineration, autoclaving, microwaving)

42
Q

Category 7

A

Catheters, IV sets, etc
(disinfection by chemical treatment/ autoclaving/microwaving/ mutilation & shredding)

43
Q

Category 8 Biomedical waste

A

Chemical wastes
(Chemical treatment & discharge into drains for liquid and secured landfills for solids)

44
Q

Yellow disposal bag

A

Waste category 1,2,5,6
Treatment: Incineration

45
Q

Red disposal bag

A

waste Category 3,4,7
Treatment: Disinfection, Autoclave, microwave, mutilation and shredding, Landfilling

46
Q

Red disposal bag

A

waste Category 3,4,7
Treatment: Disinfection, Autoclave, microwave, mutilation and shredding

47
Q

Blue disposal bag

A

Category 8

48
Q

Blue disposal bag

A

Category 8

49
Q

Black disposal bag

A

Municipal waste

50
Q

BSL-1 location

A

High schools, community colleges, municipal drinking water treatment facillities

51
Q

BSL-2 laboratory location

A

Local health departments, universities, state laboratories, private laboratories, industrial laboratories

52
Q

BSL-3 laboratory location

A

State health departments, universities, private companies, industry, federal government (NIH, CDC)

53
Q

BSL -4 laboratory location

A

only 15 facilities in US

54
Q

Biosafety level 4 risk group

A

Lassa fever virus
Ebola hemorrhagic Fever virus
Marburg Virus
Herpes B virus

Clinical Pathology (9 decks)

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