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TFD BC > Water Distribution > Flashcards

Water Distribution Flashcards

1
Q

The Roman aqueduct system operated almost exclusively by ______

A

Gravity

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2
Q

When and where was the first water system established in the US?

A

1801 in Philadelphia

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3
Q

When did the Tucson Water Company begin operating and delivering the first piped water into town?

A

1881

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4
Q

Where did the phrase “Catch that plug” come from?

A

Wooden water mains that needed to be plugged up

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5
Q

What are the 2 sources of water that TFD uses for firefighting purposes?

A

Static and pressurized

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6
Q

What is a static source of water?

A

Any source of water that needs to be mechanically moved into a fire apparatus

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7
Q

What are 5 examples of static water sources?

A 
Lakes/ponds/rivers
Portable tanks
Cisterns
Swimming pools
Test pit
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8
Q

What is drafting?

A

The process of raising water from a static source to a pump

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9
Q

When are the only 2 times that TFD drafts water?

A

At the test pit during pump tests and in water tender shuttle operations

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10
Q

What are the 3 things that affect drafting?

A

Lift
Vacuum
Atmospheric Pressure

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11
Q

What is lift?

A

The difference between the level of water and the center of the pump

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12
Q

What is vacuum?

A

An enclosed space from which matter, especially air, has been partially removed

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13
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

The weight of a column of air at a given location on the surface of the earth

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14
Q

What is the average atmospheric pressure at sea level?

A

14.7 psi

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15
Q

What is the atmospheric pressure in Tucson?

A

13.9 psi

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16
Q

How does drafting work?

A

By decreasing the pressure in the pump and hose below atmospheric pressure, the water is forced into the hose

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17
Q

What is a pressurized water source?

A

Any water source that will flow freely into a fire apparatus

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18
Q

What are 3 examples of pressurized water sources?

A

Booster tanks
Water tenders
Hydrants

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19
Q

If a booster tank is less than 750 gallons, it must be able to gravity feed ___ gpm to the pump

A

250 gpm

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20
Q

If a booster tank is more than 750 gallons, it must be able to gravity feed ___ gpm to the pump

A

500 gpm

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21
Q

What do water tenders do?

A

Bring water to places where there are few or no hydrants available

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22
Q

How much water does WT20 carry?

A

2500 gallons

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23
Q

What is the purpose of a hydrant?

A

To provide adequate and reliable water supply for fighting fire

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24
Q

What are the 5 components of a water distribution system?

A

Supply source, treatment plant, reservoir, mains, hydrants

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25
Q

How many active or standby wells are in the Tucson water system?

A

206

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26
Q

According to 2014 average, how many gallons of water per day come from wells within Tucson?

A

91 million

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27
Q

According to 2014 average, how much CAP water is blended with ground water per day?

A

57 million

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28
Q

CAP is also known as…

A

Clearwater

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29
Q

What does “CAP” stand for?

A

Central Arizona Project

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30
Q

Where does CAP water come from?

A

Colorado River

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31
Q

At well sites, what is water treated with?

A

Chlorine

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32
Q

Where is treatment monitored?

A

Reservoirs and other sites

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33
Q

Where are reservoirs filled from?

A

Well sites

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34
Q

How many total reservoirs are there?

A

57

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35
Q

How many reservoirs over a million gallons?

A

29

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36
Q

How many reservoirs under a million gallons?

A

28

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37
Q

Where does the pressure in the grid system come from?

A

Gravity from reservoirs at higher elevations and from pumping stations

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38
Q

What are the 3 advantages of the grid system?

A

Helps reduce dead end mains
Loop or grid system will reduce friction loss by power of 4
Only once or two hydrants shut down if main is broken

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39
Q

What is friction loss?

A

The total pressure loss in the system while water is forced through pipes, fittings, valves, etc

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40
Q

What is the friction loss for a 6”, 8”, and 12” pipe for a 100’ section flowing at 1000 gpm?

A

52psi

  1. 8psi
  2. 78psi
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41
Q 
Within the grid system, what are the sizes of pipes...
From reservoirs
Of primary feeders
Of secondary feeders
Of distributors or laterals
A

16” to 56”
16” to 24”
12” to 16”
6” to 8”

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42
Q

What is the smallest diameter pipe that will feed a hydrant?

A

6”

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43
Q

If a hydrant is on a dead end main, what is the smallest diameter pipe that will feed it?

A

8”

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44
Q

What are the 3 items that can cause friction loss and reduce flow from mains?

A

Sedimentation
Incrustation
Tuberculation

45
Q

What is sedimentation?

A

Dirt and other products that collect in the system

46
Q

What is incrustation?

A

Mineral deposits inside pipes, fittings, valves, etc

47
Q

What is tuberculation?

A

Actual breakdown of the pipe

48
Q

Why must the city be broken down into zones?

A

To prevent too much pressure in the mains

49
Q

The top of “A” mountain shares the same elevation as…

A

22nd and Wilmot

50
Q

If a pipe was laid from Houghton Rd to the Santa Cruz River, what would the pressure be?
What is the elevation change?

A

300psi

600’-700’ elevation change

51
Q

How many zones are within the Tucson Water System?

A

19

52
Q

What is the elevation change within the zones?

A

105’

53
Q

What is the normal pressure range in the mains?

A

40-85psi

54
Q

How much does head pressure increase for each foot of elevation loss?

A

.434 psi

55
Q

Since the elevation changes 105’ in a zone, and there is .434 psi increase per foot of elevation loss, what will the pressure increase be from one end of a zone to another?

A

45.6

56
Q

All zones are connected and separated by…

A

Valves

57
Q

Valves are _____ monitored and controlled

A

Computer

58
Q

A valve’s simple function is to…

A

Control the flow of water

59
Q

What are the 2 classifications of valves?

A

Indicating and Non-Indicating

60
Q

What are the 3 indicating valves?

A

OS&Y, PIV, and ball valve

61
Q

What are the 2 non-indicating valves?

A

Gate and Butterfly

62
Q

What does “Indicating Valve” mean?

A

That you can tell what position they are in just by looking at them

63
Q

What does OS&Y mean?

A

Outside stem and yoke

64
Q

What does PIV mean?

A

Post indicator valve

65
Q

What does PIVA mean?

A

Post indicator valve assembly

66
Q

What does WPIV mean?

A

Wall post indicator valve

67
Q

With a hydrant, what does “static pressure” mean?

A

Pressure in the hydrant when it is closed and the water is at rest

68
Q

With a hydrant, what does “normal operating pressure” mean?

A

Pressure found in a water distribution system during periods of normal consumption demand

69
Q

With a hydrant, what does “residual pressure” mean?

A

Pressure left in the system when the hydrant is flowing

70
Q

With a hydrant, what does “flow pressure” mean?

A

Pressure of water in motion

71
Q

What association sets hydrant standards?

A

American Water Works Association (AWWA)

72
Q

What is the working pressure of a hydrant?

A

150 psi

73
Q

What pressure are hydrants factory tested at?

A

300 psi

74
Q

How many hydrants are in the Tucson Water system?

A

20,867

75
Q

how many hydrants are in the Tucson city limits?

A

14,324

76
Q

What are the 2 classifications of hydrants?

A

Dry barrel and wet barrel

77
Q

What are the 4 types of hydrant mechanisms?

A

Compression
Knuckle Joint or Cory
Slide gate
Wet (usually compression valve)

78
Q

What are the components of a dry barrel hydrant?

6

A

Foot piece, barrel, bonnet, operating system, main valve, and drain

79
Q

Where does a hydrant compression valve seat against?

A

The base of the hydrant

80
Q

The hydrant compression valve moves independently on the ______ axis

A

Vertical

81
Q

Hydrant compression valves close ____ pressure and open ____ pressure

A

With

Against

82
Q

What are the 2 hydrant compression valve brands?

A

Dresser and Mueller

83
Q

What type of valve is a “knuckle and cory” type valve?

A

Scissor type valve

84
Q

What is the brand of a “knuckle and cory” type vale?

A

Pacific state and Iowa

85
Q

With a slide gate valve, the gate moves ____ on the stem.

A

Vertically

86
Q

How many slide gate style hydrants does TFD have?

A

0

87
Q

Where is a wet barrel hydrant pressurized at?

A

Each of the outlets

88
Q

Wet barrel hydrants usually have what style of valve?

A

Compression

89
Q

What is a disadvantage of a wet barrel hydrant?

A

The water inside can freeze in freezing temperatures

90
Q

What is an advantage of a wet barrel hydrant?

A

Each outlet can be opened and closed independently

91
Q

How would you know if a hydrant was “high pressure”?

A

There will be reflective yellow bands around the barrel

92
Q

What is the static and residual pressure for a “high pressure” hydrant?

A

200 psi or greater

95 psi or greater

93
Q

What kind of hose can you use on a “high pressure” hydrant?

A

2.5” only. Do NOT use 5”

94
Q

On a hydrant, what doe the colors green/no, orange, and red mean?

A

1000gpm or greater
500-999 gpm
Less than 500 gpm

95
Q

Tucson Water is now painting all hydrants what color?

A

Silver

96
Q

What is the hydrant GPM flow formula?

A

29.7xD(D)xsquare root of flow pressurex co-efficient

97
Q

What does the “D” on the hydrant gpm flow formula?

A

Discharge diameter

98
Q

You must open and close hydrants slowly so you don’t cause a ____ ____

A

Water hammer

99
Q

Is it ok to kick a hydrant wrench to open or close a hydrant?

A

NO

100
Q

What must you do before removing hydrant caps?

A

Make sure the hydrant is closed

101
Q

What is the residential hydrant spacing?

A

800’ on 6” main

102
Q

What is the multiple housing hydrant spacing?

A

500’ on 8” main

103
Q

What is the industrial hydrant spacing?

A

300’ on 12” main

104
Q

Fire code says that there must be __ feet of clearance around a hydrant

A

3

105
Q

Fire code says that a hydrant must be __ -__ feet from the curb

A

2-7

106
Q

Fire code says that the steamer outlet must be __ inches from the ground

A

16 inches

107
Q

What is placed in the street to indicate a fire hydrant?

A

Blue markers

108
Q

How often are the hydrants in Tucson tested and maintained?

A

Every 4 years

109
Q

What is the “out of service” procedure?

A

Hydrant ring, notify fire alarm, email water department, CAD hydrant OOS information displayed

TFD BC (26 decks)

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