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TFD BC > Basic Ventilation > Flashcards

Basic Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of “ventilation”?

A

The planned, methodical, and systematic removal of pressure, heat, smoke, toxic gasses, and flame from an area and the replacement of these products with cooler, fresh air

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2
Q

Ventilation improves visibility which can help us locate _____ quicker.

A

Victims

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3
Q

Can ventilation alone put out a fire?

A

NO, but it is a critical component

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4
Q

Heat and smoke will take the path of _____ resistance

A

Least

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5
Q

An opening will release pressure and pull ____, ____, and ____ to the opening

A

Heat, smoke, and fire

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6
Q

Why is ventilation a “double edged sword”?

A

It will eventually make the fire worse

Poorly placed ventilation openings will pull the fire toward you

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7
Q

What is a “ventilation limited” fire?

A

A fire that is limited by the amount of air (O2) that is available to the fire

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8
Q

What is a “fuel limited” fire?

A

A fire that is limited by the amount of fuel that is available to the fire

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9
Q

What are the limiting factors for an outside fire and a compartment fire?

A

Outside- Fuel

Compartment- O2`

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of ventilation?

A

Vertical
Horizontal
Built-in

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of vertical ventilation?

A

Self

Fire department initiated

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of horizontal ventilation?

A

Natural

Forced

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of forced horizontal ventilation?

A

Positive pressure
Negative pressure
Hydraulic

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14
Q

What is “self-ventilation”?

A

When the fire has burned through the roof decking

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15
Q

If the fire has self-ventilated, can we still be on the roof or under it?

A

NO

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16
Q

Self-ventilation is cause to think about transitioning to a _____ attack

A

Defensive

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17
Q

What is the general rule about a roof that is unsafe to be on top of?

A

That it is also unsafe to operate underneath it

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18
Q

What is the most effective way to exhaust smoke and fire gasses from a building?

A

FD initiated vertical ventilation

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19
Q

Where should vertical ventilation openings be located?

A

The highest point above the fire, or directly over it(or as close to directly over it as possible)

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20
Q

What dangerous fire “explosion” can vertical ventilation help prevent?

A

Backdraft

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21
Q

How does vertical ventilation help prevent a backdraft?

A

It allows the smoke and hot gases to exit the vent hole prior to introduction of oxygen

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22
Q

What are the 6 factors to consider for ventilation?

A 
Life safety hazards
Visible smoke conditions
The building involved
If there is a need
Where to ventilate
The type of ventilation
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23
Q

What are the 4 things included in ventilation equipment?

A

PPE with SCBA
Tools
Ladders
Hose line

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24
Q

What are the 5 things you need to consider before taking that first step?

A 
Is there fire showing from the roof?
Is there any roof sag?
What is the type of roof?
Is there smoke or fire?
Is there slate or tile on the roof that will make traversing difficult?
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25
Q

How many escape routes must you have when ventilating?

A

2 at the strong points of the roof

Ladder and approach from the unburned side and have a 2nd ladder opposite of the first one

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26
Q

Do you need to always have your air on while ventilating?

A

YES

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27
Q

Where should you initially start your saw?

A

On the ground

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28
Q

If the roof has a steep pitch you should…

A

Utilize a roof ladder or cut off aerial ladder

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29
Q

When sounding off on a roof with tile or slate….

A

Break the tile/slate and sound off on the roof underlayment

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30
Q

When walking on a roof you should be walking on at least a ____ or ____

A

Joist or rafter

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31
Q

What are the 3 kinds of existing roof openings that you can utilize?

A

Skylights
Stairwells
Scuttle doors

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32
Q

Which is better, 1 large hole or multiple small holes?

A

1 large hole

33
Q

What is the minimum opening for a residential structure?

A

4x4

34
Q

What is the minimum opening for a commercial structure?

A

8x8

35
Q

What is the rule of thumb for a commercial opening?

A

10 percent of the roof surface

36
Q

You should cut with the wind to your ____

A

Back

37
Q

You should work ____ your ladder when cutting a vent hole

A

Toward

38
Q

Can you direct a hose stream through the vent hole?

A

NEVER!!!

39
Q

When vertical ventilation is used in conjunction with forced ventilation, what 2 things must you know?

A

Know the fire location an status

Make sure that it’s not an attic fire

40
Q

What are the 4 types of vent holes that we will cut?

A

Vertical ventilation hole
Inspection hole
Trench cut
One rafter louver cut

41
Q

What are the 2 types of inspection holes?

A

Kerf cut

Triangle cut

42
Q

Is a trench cut an offensive or defensive operation?

A

Defensive

43
Q

What needs to be in place to defend the trench?

A

Hose lines

44
Q

Is anybody inside on the fire side of the trench?

A

NO

45
Q

What is horizontal ventilation?

A

Venting of heat, smoke, and gases through wall openings such as windows and doors

46
Q

What are the 3 instances that horizontal ventilation is used?

A

Smaller fires that don’t require vertical ventilation
Buildings that cannot be vertically ventilated easily
Buildings with a compromised roof structure

47
Q

What are 3 examples of buildings that cannot be vertically ventilated easily?

A

High-rise
2 story building with fire on 1st floor only
Basements

48
Q

What is natural horizontal ventilation?

A

Using the wind to ventilate a structure

49
Q

What is forced horizontal ventilation?

A

Using fans, smoke ejectors, or other means to push or pull smoke out of a structure

50
Q

With natural horizontal ventilation, which side should you open first? Which side should you open next?

A

Open leeward side first at the highest point

Open the windward side next at the lowest point

51
Q

Why should you remove window screens?

A

They reduce airflow by 50 percent

52
Q

What are the 5 advantages of forced horizontal ventilation?

A

More positive control over the fire
Supplements natural ventilation
Speeds removal of contaminants
No additional damage to roof of the structure
Reduces smoke damage which increases good PR

53
Q

What are the 3 disadvantages of forced horizontal ventilation?

A

Introduces air in large volumes
Dependent on power source
Requires special equipment

54
Q

What is hydraulic ventilation?

A

Using air movement of a fog stream to draw out products of combustion

55
Q

What are the 4 disadvantages of hydraulic ventilation?

A

Increased water damage
Drain on available water supply
firefighters must be exposed to environment
Operation interrupted when air supply for firefighters runs out

56
Q

With hydraulic ventilation, how far does the nozzle tip need to be from the window opening?

A

2 feet

57
Q

With hydraulic ventilation, how much of the fog stream should cover the window opening?

A

85-90 percent

58
Q

How much air will a nozzle flowing 95 gpm move?

A

5000 cfm

59
Q

What is used for negative pressure ventilation?

A

Smoke ejectors

60
Q

When placing smoke ejectors, should they exhaust with or against the wind?

A

With the wind

61
Q

What are the 3 disadvantages of negative pressure ventilation?

A

Personnel are subjected to the atmosphere while setting up
Contaminates are drawn through the ejector
Doorways/windows are obstructed

62
Q

What are the 4 advantages of positive pressure ventilation over negative pressure ventilation?

A

Firefighters are not exposed to environments
Fans not directly blocking ingress or egress
Twice as effective as NPV
Contaminants are not drawn through ejector

63
Q

PPV efficiency can be improved by pressurizing ____ areas one at a time

A

Small

64
Q

With PPV, how much of the air cone should cover the opening?

A

The entire opening

65
Q

With PPV, maintain ___ exit point at a time

A

1

66
Q

With PPV, the exit size should be ______________________ than the entry point to maintain positive pressure effect

A

Same size or smaller

67
Q

Built in ventilation systems may automatically shut down if…

A

Smoke or heat is detected in the air ducts

OR… firefighters may have shut down the system

68
Q

HVAC systems may draw in smoke and heat and ________________

A

Spread the fire

69
Q

During fire conditions can firefighters attempt to operate smoke control systems?

A

NO

Building engineers should be called to operate them at the direction of fire personnel

70
Q

A high rise building may need __-__ times as much staffing as residential fires

A

4-6

71
Q

In a high rise building, the stack effect may spread smoke to….

A

Multiple floors

72
Q

How do we typically ventilate a high rise building?

A

Utilizing a stairwell with roof access hatch

73
Q

What are the 3 problems with ventilating a basement?

A

Must descend through the heat and gases
Limited openings with which to ventilate
Hard to access and possibly deep seated fires due to use as storage

74
Q

With basement ventilation, should we utilize exterior basement windows opposite of the attack?

A

YES, when possible

75
Q

If there are no exterior windows in a basement fire, where should you consider a vent hole?

A

In 1st floor near window

76
Q

What are the 3 reasons that ventilation is more important now than ever before?

A

Construction
Equipment
Flow path

77
Q

What is significant about modern construction and ventilation?

A

Increased synthetics
Increased air tightness
Increased fire load

78
Q

When done properly, what ultimately should ventilation accomplish?

A

Decreases fire spread and increases visibility for fire attack

79
Q

Inadequate or improper ventilation can cause…

A

Death or injury and cause destruction of the building

TFD BC (26 decks)

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