Water, concentration, acids&bases

Question 1

An acid

Answer 1

-donates a proton
-when acid donates a proton, it turns into its ‘conjugate base’ (acid that has lost a hydrogen ion)
-has a higher no. of protons than its conjugate base and may be positively charged
-increases the hydrogen ion content of solutions- more H- than OH-

Question 1

Base

Answer 1

-accepts a proton (H+)
-when it takes a proton, it turns into its conjugate acid
-reduces hydrogen ion conc. by accepting a hydrogen ion to form hydroxide ions

Question 2

Buffers

Answer 2

-accept and donate protons -> this regulates hydronium ion conc. in systems and reduces the overall changes in the molarity of hydronium ions
-are chemical shock absorbers - maintain pH
-buffering chemicals prevent fluctuations in body’s pH
-if blood pH rises reaction moves to the right, body wants to increase conc. of H+
-if blood pH drops, reaction moves to the left, body wants to decrease conc. of H+

Question 3

pH formula

Answer 3

pH = -log (H+)

Question 4

what determines pH of a solution

Answer 4

-Determined by the conc. of hydrogen ions
-more H+ means lower pH (acidic)
-less H+ means higher pH (basic)
-when conc. are equal, its neutral