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BIOM1070 > Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

-Everything outside of CNS
-Two types of nerves:
Cranial nerves (12 pairs)
Spinal nerves (31 pairs)
-Ganglia
-Enteric plexuses (GIT)
-Other nerve plexuses
-Sensory receptors

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2
Q

Ganglia

A

Small masses of nerve tissue

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3
Q

Plexus

A

Branching network of nerves

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4
Q

Why does the PNS matter?

A

-Sends information between your body and brain
-Carries out brain’s commands to your body

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5
Q

Sciatica

A

-Severe back pain radiating to legs
-Caused by compression or inflammation of the sciatic nerve
-Common in pregnant women due to muscle tension and joint changes

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6
Q

In/Output from the PNS

A

Afferent (sensory) - input
Efferent (motor) - output

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7
Q

Afferent (sensory)

A

-Carry information from sensory receptors to the CNS
Somatic: From skin, muscles, joints (reflex actions)
Visceral: From internal organs

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8
Q

Efferent (motor)

A

-Carry info from CNS to organs
Somatic: Innervate skeletal muscles
Autonomic: Innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands (parasympathetic & sympathetic)

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9
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Autonomic: sympathetic & parasympathetic divisions

-Sympathetic - ‘fight or flight’ –> respiratory rate increases
-Parasympathetic - ‘rest and digest’

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10
Q

Key anatomical differences between ANS divisions

A
  1. site of origin
  2. lengths of fibres
  3. location of their ganglia
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11
Q

Types of nerves

A

Sensory neurons: activated by external physical or chemical stimuli

Motor neurons: found in the spinal cord connect spinal cord to organs, muscles, glands

Interneurons: connect motor neurons to sensory neurons, allowing signalling

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12
Q

Nerve fasicles

A

Bundles of axons

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13
Q

In the PNS, where do axons lie?

A

Within peripheral nerves

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14
Q

Connective tissue, three layers:

A

Endoneurium: Around individual axons in a fascicle
Perineurium: Wraps each fascicle
Epineurium: Covers all fascicles to form the entire nerve

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15
Q

Blood vessels

A

Provide oxygenated blood, and take away deoxygenated blood, and other wastes

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16
Q

Nerve fibre types

A

Myelinated axons: rapidly transmit impulses over long distances

unmyelinated axons: slower or shorter distance transmissions

17
Q

Dorsal root

A

sensory - afferent

18
Q

Ventral root

A

motor - efferent

19
Q

Spinal nerves branch to form?

A

Dorsal and ventral rami

20
Q

Dorsal rami

A

Innervation to the skin and back muscles (smaller)

21
Q

Ventral rami

A

Innervation to the rest of trunk and limbs (larger)

22
Q

Ramus (pleural), Rami (singular)

A

Small branches or extensions from a main structure

23
Q

nerve plexuses are formed by ventral rami

A

-Contains fibers from different spinal nerves (ventral rami)
-Fibers from each rami take multiple paths to the periphery
-Overlapping territories: Each area gets input from multiple spinal nerves

24
Q

4 main plexuses

A

Cervical
Brachial
Lumbar
Sacral

25
Q

Cervical

A

Under sternocleidomastoid, skin innervation

26
Q

Brachial

A

located in neck and shoulder, innervates the upper limb

27
Q

Lumbar

A

located within psoas muscle, innervates abdominal wall, anterior and medial thigh

28
Q

Sacral

A

located posterior to lumbar plexus, innervates buttocks, lower limb, pelvis

29
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Largest branch, serves most of thigh, leg and foot muscles, ‘sciatica’.

30
Q

Brachial plexus injuries

A

-Brachial plexus injuries common, can weaken or paralyze arm
-Ulnar nerve vulnerable (‘funny bone’)
Example: Carpal tunnel syndrome, median nerve compressed

31
Q

Cranial nerves

A

12 pairs
-Sensory, motor or both
-Arranged along the longitudinal axis of brain
-CN1 attaches to the cerebrum
-CN2 attaches to the diencephalon
-CN3-CN12 attach to the brainstem

BIOM1070 (19 decks)

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